Detailed knowledge of a species’ vocal repertoire is an essential component for the interpretation of its social interactions and behavior. In the case of cryptic nocturnal primates, vocalizations are also a valuable tool for species identification, and possibly to discriminate between the sexes and/or group memberships during noninvasive field identification, monitoring, and conservation efforts. Here we describe the vocal repertoire of the northern giant mouse lemur, Mirza zaza, a small nocturnal primate endemic to northwest Madagascar, and analyze the repertoire to identify vocalizations for field identification and monitoring. We recorded vocalizations of a captive population of 40 M. zaza individuals at the Duke Lemur Center, USA, with detailed observations of call-associated behaviors of eight individuals in two groups. Based on their acoustic structure, we identified 10 different call types, which were correctly classified (92.8%) by a discriminant function analysis. The described adult call types occurred in the context of advertisement, alarm, affiliative behavior, agonistic behavior, and locomotion. Nine of these call types were already present in infants. To aid call classification, we used the acoustic structure of calls to construct a set of call classification rules for M. zaza. Among the loud vocalizations that were candidates for acoustic monitoring we document significant sex differences in the acoustic structure of trill calls of M. zaza, and significant differences between two groups in their loud whistle calls. The vocal repertoire described here will not only form the basis for future comparative and phylogenetic studies of lemur vocalizations; it will also enable rapid identification of this species for noninvasive acoustic surveys in their natural habitat to assess and monitor population densities and establish range boundaries, thus aiding conservation efforts for this threatened lemur species.

中文翻译：

---

圈养的北方巨鼠狐猴 (Mirza zaza) 的声乐曲目

一个物种的声音曲目的详细知识是解释其社会互动和行为的重要组成部分。对于神秘的夜间灵长类动物，发声也是物种识别的宝贵工具，并且可能在非侵入性现场识别、监测和保护工作期间区分性别和/或群体成员。在这里，我们描述了北方巨鼠狐猴 Mirza zaza 的声音曲目，这是一种马达加斯加西北部特有的小型夜间灵长类动物，并分析曲目以确定现场识别和监测的发声。我们在美国杜克狐猴中心记录了 40 M. zaza 个体圈养种群的发声，并详细观察了两组中 8 个个体的呼叫相关行为。根据它们的声学结构，我们确定了 10 种不同的呼叫类型，并通过判别函数分析正确分类 (92.8%)。所描述的成人呼叫类型发生在广告、警报、从属行为、激动行为和移动的上下文中。其中九种呼叫类型已经存在于婴儿中。为了辅助呼叫分类，我们使用呼叫的声学结构为 M. zaza 构建了一组呼叫分类规则。在作为声学监测候选的大声发声中，我们记录了 M. zaza 颤音的声学结构的显着性别差异，以及两组在大声哨声中的显着差异。这里描述的声音曲目不仅将构成未来狐猴发声的比较和系统发育研究的基础；