Abstract

Changes in the biological properties of chernozems caused by several pyrogenic agents have been studied in simulation experiments with the low-temperature plasma, infrared irradiation, straw burning, and fume of burning products. It has been shown that the pyrogenic effect has a complex nature, so that worsening of biological parameters depends on temperature, duration of fire episode, intensity of fume, ash impact, and soil moisture. Such integrated effect induced a decrease in microbial biomass by 39%, population of nitrogen-fixating bacteria by 29% versus the control values. The inhibition of dehydrogenase and catalase (oxidoreductase class) was 44–53%; the activity of hydrolase (phosphatase and invertase) was lower (by 16–18%). A maximal effect was recorded for the uppermost soil layer (0–1 сm) as compared to the lower 4–5 сm layer. Microbiological indices went down by 52–56% after placing the sample in the flame of a gas burner for 3 minutes, while soil enzyme activity decreased by 25–26%. For the latter, the duration of flame effect was of special importance; the correlation coefficient for dehydrogenase activity was –0.81; for invertase activity, –0.86; for catalase activity, –0.78; and for phosphatase activity, –0.85 (р < 0.01). Increasing IR irradiation also resulted in growing inhibition of biological indices. Even a minimal impact of fume of straw burning products (3 minutes at temperature 52°С) reliably decreased soil microbiological and biochemical parameters (by 4–19%, р < 0.05). Higher level of impact suppresses the biological activity by 20–30%.

中文翻译：

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热原性因素对黑钙土生物学特性的影响评估

摘要

在低温等离子体，红外辐射，秸秆燃烧和燃烧产物的烟气的模拟实验中，已经研究了由多种热原剂引起的黑钙石生物学特性的变化。已经表明，热解作用具有复杂的性质，因此生物学参数的恶化取决于温度，着火持续时间，烟气强度，灰分影响和土壤湿度。与对照值相比，这种综合效应导致微生物生物量减少了39％，固氮细菌的数量减少了29％。脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶（氧化还原酶类别）的抑制率为44–53％；水解酶（磷酸酶和转化酶）的活性较低（降低16-18％）。与最下层的4-5сm相比，最上层的土壤层（0–1сm）的效果最大。将样品放在燃气燃烧器的火焰中3分钟后，微生物学指标下降了52-56％，而土壤酶活性下降了25-26％。对于后者，火焰效应的持续时间尤为重要。脱氢酶活性的相关系数为–0.81；转化酶活性为–0.86；过氧化氢酶的活性为–0.78；磷酸酶活性为–0.85（р <0.01）。红外辐射的增加也导致对生物指标的抑制作用增加。即使是秸秆燃烧产物的烟雾的最小影响（在52°С温度下3分钟）也能可靠地降低土壤微生物和生化参数（降低4–19％，р  <0.05）。较高程度的撞击会抑制20-30％的生物活性。