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Assessment of the Influence of Pyrogenic Factors on the Biological Properties of Chernozems
Eurasian Soil Science ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 , DOI: 10.1134/s106422932011006x
K. Sh. Kazeev , M. Yu. Odabashian , A. V. Trushkov , S. I. Kolesnikov

Abstract

Changes in the biological properties of chernozems caused by several pyrogenic agents have been studied in simulation experiments with the low-temperature plasma, infrared irradiation, straw burning, and fume of burning products. It has been shown that the pyrogenic effect has a complex nature, so that worsening of biological parameters depends on temperature, duration of fire episode, intensity of fume, ash impact, and soil moisture. Such integrated effect induced a decrease in microbial biomass by 39%, population of nitrogen-fixating bacteria by 29% versus the control values. The inhibition of dehydrogenase and catalase (oxidoreductase class) was 44–53%; the activity of hydrolase (phosphatase and invertase) was lower (by 16–18%). A maximal effect was recorded for the uppermost soil layer (0–1 сm) as compared to the lower 4–5 сm layer. Microbiological indices went down by 52–56% after placing the sample in the flame of a gas burner for 3 minutes, while soil enzyme activity decreased by 25–26%. For the latter, the duration of flame effect was of special importance; the correlation coefficient for dehydrogenase activity was –0.81; for invertase activity, –0.86; for catalase activity, –0.78; and for phosphatase activity, –0.85 (р < 0.01). Increasing IR irradiation also resulted in growing inhibition of biological indices. Even a minimal impact of fume of straw burning products (3 minutes at temperature 52°С) reliably decreased soil microbiological and biochemical parameters (by 4–19%, р < 0.05). Higher level of impact suppresses the biological activity by 20–30%.



中文翻译:

热原性因素对黑钙土生物学特性的影响评估

摘要

在低温等离子体,红外辐射,秸秆燃烧和燃烧产物的烟气的模拟实验中,已经研究了由多种热原剂引起的黑钙石生物学特性的变化。已经表明,热解作用具有复杂的性质,因此生物学参数的恶化取决于温度,着火持续时间,烟气强度,灰分影响和土壤湿度。与对照值相比,这种综合效应导致微生物生物量减少了39%,固氮细菌的数量减少了29%。脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶(氧化还原酶类别)的抑制率为44–53%;水解酶(磷酸酶和转化酶)的活性较低(降低16-18%)。与最下层的4-5сm相比,最上层的土壤层(0–1сm)的效果最大。将样品放在燃气燃烧器的火焰中3分钟后,微生物学指标下降了52-56%,而土壤酶活性下降了25-26%。对于后者,火焰效应的持续时间尤为重要。脱氢酶活性的相关系数为–0.81;转化酶活性为–0.86;过氧化氢酶的活性为–0.78;磷酸酶活性为–0.85(р <0.01)。红外辐射的增加也导致对生物指标的抑制作用增加。即使是秸秆燃烧产物的烟雾的最小影响(在52°С温度下3分钟)也能可靠地降低土壤微生物和生化参数(降低4–19%,р  <0.05)。较高程度的撞击会抑制20-30%的生物活性。

更新日期:2020-11-27
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