Abstract

The soils and street dust of the Southeastern administrative district of Moscow were analyzed for chemical properties and the content of acid-soluble and mobile compounds of heavy metals (HMs) and arsenic over three time spans: the end of industrial (1995), transitional (2004 and 2012), and recent postindustrial (2017) periods of the city development. The acid–base properties of soils and street dust have not changed during this period. However, the content of exchangeable sodium has considerably increased (to 20-fold), as well as the contents of calcium and organic matter. The total HM and arsenic contents in soils and street dust tend to decrease because of a reduction in the number of industrial facilities and periodic replacement of lawn soils. Ag, Hg, Sb, Zn, and As have the highest clarkes of concentration in soils and Sb, Zn, Hg, Ag, Cu, Pb, Mo, As, Cd, Cr, and Ni, in street dust. The degree of extraction of the acid-soluble compounds of several HMs in soils and street dust is very high but it decreases from 1995 to 2017. The amount of mobile HM compounds has decreased. However, the share of soil and street dust samples with the Cu, Zn, and Pb mobile compounds exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations is still high.

中文翻译：

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莫斯科东南行政区土壤和街道粉尘中的重金属和砷：长期数据

摘要

在以下三个时间段内，分析了莫斯科东南行政区的土壤和街道尘土的化学性质以及重金属和砷的酸溶性和移动性化合物的含量：工业化时期（1995年），过渡时期（ 2004年和2012年），以及城市发展的近期工业化后时期（2017年）。在此期间，土壤和街道粉尘的酸碱性质没有改变。但是，可交换钠的含量以及钙和有机物的含量已大大增加（增至20倍）。由于工业设施数量的减少和草坪土壤的定期更换，土壤和街道灰尘中总的HM和砷含量趋于下降。Ag，Hg，Sb，Zn和As在土壤中的浓度最高，而Sb，Zn，Hg，Ag，Cu，Pb，街道灰尘中的Mo，As，Cd，Cr和Ni。土壤和街道灰尘中几种重金属的酸溶性化合物的提取率很高，但从1995年到2017年有所下降。可移动的重金属化合物的数量有所减少。但是，超过最大允许浓度的铜，锌和铅移动性化合物在土壤和街道粉尘样品中所占的比例仍然很高。