Rhodotorula glutinis is recognized as a biotechnologically important oleaginous red yeast, which synthesizes numerous meritorious compounds with wide industrial usages. One of the most notable properties of R. glutinis is the formation of intracellular lipid droplets full of carotenoids. However, the basic genomic features that underlie the biosynthesis of these valuable compounds in R. glutinis have not been fully documented. To reveal the biotechnological potential of R. glutinis, the genomics and lipidomics analysis was performed through the Next-Generation Sequencing and HPLC-MS-based metabolomics technologies. Here, we firstly assemble the genome of R. glutinis ZHK into 21.8 Mb, containing 30 scaffolds and 6774 predicted genes with a N50 length of 14, 66,672 bp and GC content of 67.8%. Genome completeness assessment (BUSCO alignment: 95.3%) indicated the genome assembly with a high-quality features. According to the functional annotation of the genome, we predicted several key genes involved in lipids and carotenoids metabolism as well as certain industrial enzymes biosynthesis. Comparative genomics results suggested that most of orthologous genes have underwent the strong purifying selection within the five Rhodotorula species, especially genes responsible for carotenoids biosynthesis. Furthermore, a total of 982 lipids were identified using the lipidomics approaches, mainly including triacylglycerols, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomo-ser and phosphatidylethanolamine. Using whole genome shotgun sequencing, we comprehensively analyzed the genome of R. glutinis and predicted several key genes involved in lipids and carotenoids metabolism. By performing comparative genomic analysis, we show that most of the ortholog genes have undergone strong purifying selection within the five Rhodotorula species. Furthermore, we identified 982 lipid species using lipidomic approaches. These results provided valuable resources to further advance biotechnological applications of R .glutinis.

中文翻译：

---

生物技术上重要的含油红色酵母Rhodotorula glutinis ZHK的基因组学和脂质组学分析为其脂质和类胡萝卜素代谢提供了新见解

麸质红假单胞菌被认为是生物技术上重要的含油红色酵母，它可以合成具有广泛工业用途的许多优异化合物。谷氨酸棒杆菌最显着的特性之一是充满类胡萝卜素的细胞内脂质小滴的形成。但是，尚未完全证明构成谷氨酸棒杆菌中这些有价值的化合物生物合成基础的基本基因组特征。为了揭示谷氨酸棒杆菌的生物技术潜力，通过下一代测序和基于HPLC-MS的代谢组学技术进行了基因组学和脂质组学分析。在这里，我们首先将R.glutinis ZHK的基因组组装成21.8 Mb，包含30个支架和6774个预测基因，N50长度为14、66,672 bp，GC含量为67.8％。基因组完整性评估（BUSCO比对：95。3％）表示具有高质量特征的基因组装配。根据基因组的功能注释，我们预测了参与脂质和类胡萝卜素代谢以及某些工业酶生物合成的几个关键基因。比较基因组学结果表明，大多数直系同源基因在五个杜鹃属物种中都经过了强烈的纯化选择，尤其是负责类胡萝卜素生物合成的基因。此外，使用脂质组学方法鉴定出总共982种脂质，主要包括三酰基甘油，二酰基甘油三甲基均聚物和磷脂酰乙醇胺。使用全基因组shot弹枪测序，我们全面分析了R.glutinis的基因组，并预测了参与脂质和类胡萝卜素代谢的几个关键基因。通过进行比较基因组分析，我们显示，大多数直系同源基因在五个杜鹃属物种中都经历了强烈的纯化选择。此外，我们使用脂质组学方法鉴定了982种脂质。这些结果提供了宝贵的资源，以进一步推进谷氨酸棒杆菌的生物技术应用。