Existing routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) focus primarily either on energy efficiency, quality of service (QoS), or security issues. However, a more holistic view of WSNs is needed, as many applications require both QoS and security guarantees along with the requirement of prolonging the lifetime of the network. The limited energy capacity of sensor nodes forces a tradeoff to be made between network lifetime, QoS, and security. To address these issues, an ant colony optimization based QoS aware energy balancing secure routing (QEBSR) algorithm for WSNs is proposed in this article. Improved heuristics for calculating the end-to-end delay of transmission and the trust factor of the nodes on the routing path are proposed. The proposed algorithm is compared with two existing algorithms: distributed energy balanced routing and energy efficient routing with node compromised resistance. Simulation results show that the proposed QEBSR algorithm performed comparatively better than the other two algorithms.

中文翻译：

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基于蚁群优化的无线传感器网络服务质量感知能量平衡安全路由算法

现有的无线传感器网络 (WSN) 路由协议主要关注能源效率、服务质量 (QoS) 或安全问题。然而，需要更全面地了解 WSN，因为许多应用程序需要 QoS 和安全保证以及延长网络寿命的要求。传感器节点的有限能量容量迫使在网络寿命、QoS 和安全性之间进行权衡。为了解决这些问题，本文提出了一种基于蚁群优化的 WSN 的 QoS 感知能量平衡安全路由 (QEBSR) 算法。提出了用于计算端到端传输延迟和路由路径上节点信任系数的改进启发式算法。将提出的算法与现有的两种算法进行比较：分布式能量平衡路由和具有节点折衷电阻的节能路由。仿真结果表明，所提出的QEBSR算法的性能优于其他两种算法。