The transmission performances of the tri-mode vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) carrying 16-quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16-QAM OFDM) data streams at a data rate beyond 100 Gbit/s are demonstrated in OM5 and OM4 multi-mode fibers (MMFs) over 100 m. By using the double oxide-confined aperture with a diameter of 5 μm, the tri-mode VCSEL provides three main transverse modes at a power of 2 mW and a quantum efficiency of 0.4 mW/mA, in which these main transverse modes individually contribute to 53.1%, 37.6%, and 9.3% of the output power from the tri-mode VCSEL for delivering the QAM-OFDM data. With optimizing the bias current of the tri-mode VCSEL to 8 mA (32 Ith) and pre-leveling the QAM-OFDM subcarrier amplitudes at a slope of 0.5 dB/GHz in the back-to-back (BtB) transmission case, the raw data rate up to 120 Gbit/s can be achieved under the FEC receiving criterion. In particular, the performance of the tri-mode VCSEL operating at the temperature of up to 85°C in BtB case is also demonstrated, while its lasing spectrum translates from tri-mode to quasi-single-mode because of the heating induced carrier dissipation and index reprofiling process. After propagating through the 100-m OM5-MMF, the pre-leveled 16-QAM OFDM data carried by the tri-mode VCSEL guarantees the 104-Gbit/s FEC-certified transmission with a receiving power penalty of 3.8 dB.

中文翻译：

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在背对背和 OM5-MMF 链路中承载 120-Gbit/s QAM-OFDM 数据的三模 VCSEL 的温度和噪声相关性

在 OM5 和 OM4 中展示了以超过 100 Gbit/s 的数据速率承载 16 正交幅度调制正交频分复用 (16-QAM OFDM) 数据流的三模垂直腔面发射激光器 (VCSEL) 的传输性能超过 100 m 的多模光纤 (MMF)。通过使用直径为 5 μm 的双氧化物限制孔径，三模 VCSEL 可提供功率为 2 mW 的三种主要横模和 0.4 mW/mA 的量子效率，其中这些主要横模分别有助于来自三模 VCSEL 的输出功率的 53.1%、37.6% 和 9.3%，用于传送 QAM-OFDM 数据。通过将三模 VCSEL 的偏置电流优化至 8 mA (32 Ith) 并在背对背 (BtB) 传输情况下以 0.5 dB/GHz 的斜率对 QAM-OFDM 副载波幅度进行预调平，在 FEC 接收标准下，原始数据速率可以达到 120 Gbit/s。特别是，还展示了在 BtB 情况下在高达 85°C 的温度下工作的三模 VCSEL 的性能，同时由于加热引起的载流子耗散，其激光光谱从三模转换为准单模和索引重新分析过程。在通过 100-m OM5-MMF 传播后，三模 VCSEL 携带的预分级 16-QAM OFDM 数据保证 104-Gbit/s FEC 认证传输，接收功率损失为 3.8 dB。而由于加热引起的载流子耗散和折射率重构过程，其激光光谱从三模转换为准单模。在通过 100-m OM5-MMF 传播后，三模 VCSEL 携带的预分级 16-QAM OFDM 数据保证 104-Gbit/s FEC 认证传输，接收功率损失为 3.8 dB。而由于加热引起的载流子耗散和折射率重构过程，其激光光谱从三模转换为准单模。在通过 100-m OM5-MMF 传播后，三模 VCSEL 携带的预分级 16-QAM OFDM 数据保证 104-Gbit/s FEC 认证传输，接收功率损失为 3.8 dB。