Blood clot can be disintegrated by high-intensity focused ultrasound alone through inertial cavitation. There are limitations in using single-element ultrasound transducers for this purpose such as lack of steerability and control of the focus in terms of shape and location. Phased-array transducers being able to rapidly scan over the clots can alleviate this problem. A full 3-D control of the ultrasound beam can be achieved by 2-D electronically steerable arrays. However, the required high-pressure amplitude has not been possible with such arrays. In this work, a 2-D 64-element fully populated phased-array transducer module was designed and fabricated for the high-pressure amplitude required for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Lateral coupling was considered for the transducer design to decrease the electrical impedance and eliminate the need for electrical matching circuit. PZT-4 with a thickness of 0.35 mm, an element surface area of $2.2\,\,\text {mm} \times {2.2}$ mm, and a length of 6 mm showed a mean electrical impedance of 60.4 ± 11.5 measured for each transducer element facilitating effective electric power transfer from the driving electronics. No breakdown was observed when the voltage was increased gradually to 180 ± 3 V _pp . Operation at 180 V _pp was found to be safe over 10,000 repetitions without reduction in the power, resulting in the average pressure amplitude of 1.01 ± 0.09 MPa at 2 mm from the element surface. These pressure amplitude values indicate that an array of eight modules (80 $\text {mm} \times {40}$ mm) is required to reach to the pressure amplitude needed for DVT. Such arrays are practical with the current technology.

中文翻译：

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用于构建深静脉血栓形成系统的高功率相控阵换能器模块

可以通过惯性空化仅通过高强度聚焦超声来分解血块。为此目的使用单元件超声换能器存在局限性，例如缺乏可操纵性以及在形状和位置方面对焦点的控制。能够快速扫描血凝块的相控阵换能器可以缓解此问题。超声波束的完整3D控制可通过2D电子可控阵列实现。但是，这种阵列不可能达到所需的高压幅度。在这项工作中，针对深静脉血栓形成（DVT）所需的高压振幅，设计并制造了2-D 64元素全填充相控阵换能器模块。换能器设计考虑了横向耦合，以降低电阻抗并消除对电气匹配电路的需求。PZT-4的厚度为0.35毫米，元件表面积为 $ 2.2 \，\，\文本{mm} \ times {2.2} $ 长度为6 mm（毫米），长度为6 mm，显示每个换能器元件测得的平均电阻抗为60.4±11.5，有助于从驱动电子设备进行有效的电能传输。当电压逐渐增加到180±3 V _pp时，没有观察到击穿 。发现在180 V _pp的条件下进行10,000次重复操作 是安全的，并且不会降低功率，从而导致在距元件表面2 mm处的平均压力幅值为1.01±0.09 MPa。这些压力幅度值表示八个模块的阵列（80 $ \文本{mm} \次{40} $ 达到DVT所需的压力幅度。这种阵列对于当前技术是实​​用的。