Most modern operating systems have adopted the one-to-one thread model to support fast execution of threads in both multi-core and single-core systems. This thread model, which maps the kernel-space and user-space threads in a one-to-one manner, supports quick thread creation and termination in high-performance server environments. However, the performance of time-critical threads is degraded when multiple threads are being run in low-end CE devices with limited system resources. When a CE device runs many threads to support diverse application functionalities, low-level hardware specifications often lead to significant resource contention among the threads trying to obtain system resources. As a result, the operating system encounters challenges, such as excessive thread context switching overhead, execution delay of time-critical threads, and a lack of virtual memory for thread stacks. This article proposes a state-of-the-art Thread Evolution Kit (TEK) that consists of three primary components: a CPU Mediator, Stack Tuner, and Enhanced Thread Identifier. From the experiment, we can see that the proposed scheme significantly improves user responsiveness ( $7\times$ faster) under high CPU contention compared to the traditional thread model. Also, TEK solves the segmentation fault problem that frequently occurs when a CE application increases the number of threads during its execution.

中文翻译：

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用于优化 CE/IoT 设备上的线程操作的线程演化套件

大多数现代操作系统都采用一对一的线程模型来支持多核和单核系统中线程的快速执行。这种线程模型以一对一的方式映射内核空间和用户空间线程，支持在高性能服务器环境中快速创建和终止线程。然而，当多个线程在系统资源有限的低端 CE 设备中运行时，时间关键线程的性能会下降。当 CE 设备运行许多线程以支持不同的应用程序功能时，低级硬件规范通常会导致试图获取系统资源的线程之间出现严重的资源争用。因此，操作系统会遇到挑战，例如过多的线程上下文切换开销、时间关键线程的执行延迟、并且缺乏用于线程堆栈的虚拟内存。本文提出了一种最先进的线程演化套件 (TEK)，它由三个主要组件组成：CPU 中介器、堆栈调谐器和增强型线程标识符。从实验中我们可以看出，与传统线程模型相比，所提出的方案在高 CPU 争用情况下显着提高了用户响应能力（快 7 倍）。此外，TEK 还解决了 CE 应用程序在执行期间增加线程数时经常出现的分段错误问题。我们可以看到，与传统线程模型相比，所提出的方案在高 CPU 争用情况下显着提高了用户响应能力（快 7 倍）。此外，TEK 还解决了 CE 应用程序在执行期间增加线程数时经常出现的分段错误问题。我们可以看到，与传统线程模型相比，所提出的方案在高 CPU 争用情况下显着提高了用户响应能力（快 7 倍）。此外，TEK 还解决了 CE 应用程序在执行期间增加线程数时经常出现的分段错误问题。