Wearable consumer electronics such as smartwatch and smartglasses generally use peer-to-peer (P2P) communications to connect to their companion devices such as smartphones. The recent wearable consumer electronics are equipped with multiple heterogeneous network interfaces, which have different power consumption and transfer bandwidths. To optimize energy efficiency, a network interface must be selected for communication depending on workload or system state. Such a technique is referred to as selective connection. However, the current selective connection systems cannot support the P2P-based wearable devices. We propose a protocol-independent user-level system, called virtual connection, that decouples applications from network-specific operations for selective connections. The proposed virtual connection system consists of user-level API and user-level middleware components. To establish the usefulness of our virtual connection, we present a case study of the selective P2P connection for wearable consumer electronics equipped with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Direct. We demonstrate that, compared to existing selective connection systems, the P2P-based selective connection system implemented with the virtual connection can reduce the energy consumption of the wearable consumer electronics by 1.26–2.31 times.

中文翻译：

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虚拟连接：用于节能型可穿戴消费电子产品的选择性连接系统

智能手表和智能眼镜等可穿戴消费电子产品通常使用点对点 (P2P) 通信来连接其配套设备，例如智能手机。最近的可穿戴消费电子产品配备了多个异构网络接口，它们具有不同的功耗和传输带宽。为了优化能效，必须根据工作负载或系统状态选择网络接口进行通信。这种技术称为选择性连接。然而，目前的选择性连接系统无法支持基于 P2P 的可穿戴设备。我们提出了一种独立于协议的用户级系统，称为虚拟连接，它将应用程序与网络特定操作分离以进行选择性连接。建议的虚拟连接系统由用户级 API 和用户级中间件组件组成。为了建立我们的虚拟连接的有用性，我们展示了一个案例研究，用于配备蓝牙和 Wi-Fi Direct 的可穿戴消费电子产品的选择性 P2P 连接。我们证明，与现有的选择性连接系统相比，通过虚拟连接实现的基于 P2P 的选择性连接系统可以将可穿戴消费电子产品的能耗降低 1.26-2.31 倍。