Due to the dramatic increase in wireless data traffic and the associated increase in energy consumption, designing energy-efficient wireless networks with improved spectral efficiency is a pressing concern. The focus of this article is the design of a green, highly energy-efficient cellular heterogeneous network (HetNet) by taking advantage of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) structure and deployment of small cells. We consider the downlink of a two-tier HetNet, in which multiple-antenna small cells are coordinated to serve users. Even though the deployment of MIMO together with small cells improves the communication system’s performance in terms of data rate and reliability, circuit energy consumption in such a network is a critical issue. To address this, an energy-efficient antenna selection and radio resource block assignment algorithm is proposed for the small cells, and a single radio-frequency (RF) chain structure is considered for the massive MIMO macro base station. Then, while coordinating transmissions between cells subject to user-centric clustering, an energy-efficient beamforming design and power allocation optimization problem with respect to the quality of service requirement of users, transmit power budget of base stations, and fronthaul capacity is formulated; the problem is solved using the Dinkelbach method. Simulation results demonstrate the performance potential of our proposed algorithm in terms of energy efficiency and spectral efficiency.

中文翻译：

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单射频负载调制的大规模MIMO HetNet中的节能资源分配

由于无线数据流量的急剧增加以及相关的能耗增加，设计具有提高的频谱效率的高能效无线网络成为迫切关注的问题。本文的重点是通过利用多输入多输出（MIMO）结构和小型小区的部署来设计绿色，高能效的蜂窝异构网络（HetNet）。我们考虑了两层HetNet的下行链路，其中多天线小型小区被协调为用户服务。即使将MIMO与小型小区一起部署可以提高通信系统的数据速率和可靠性，但在这种网络中电路能耗仍然是一个关键问题。为了解决这个问题，提出了一种针对小型小区的节能天线选择和无线资源块分配算法，针对大规模MIMO宏基站考虑了单射频（RF）链结构。然后，在协调以用户为中心的聚类的小区之间的传输的同时，针对用户的服务质量要求，基站的传输功率预算和前传容量制定了节能波束成形设计和功率分配优化问题；使用Dinkelbach方法可以解决该问题。仿真结果证明了我们提出的算法在能量效率和频谱效率方面的性能潜力。在协调以用户为中心的集群之间的传输时，针对用户的服务质量要求，基站的传输功率预算和前传容量，提出了一种节能波束成形设计和功率分配优化问题。使用Dinkelbach方法可以解决该问题。仿真结果证明了我们提出的算法在能量效率和频谱效率方面的性能潜力。在协调以用户为中心的集群之间的传输时，针对用户的服务质量要求，基站的传输功率预算和前传容量，提出了一种节能波束成形设计和功率分配优化问题。使用Dinkelbach方法可以解决该问题。仿真结果证明了我们提出的算法在能量效率和频谱效率方面的性能潜力。