Rehearsal-based interfaces are designed to encourage a transition from novice to expert, but many users fail to make this transition. Most of these interfaces activate novice mode after a short delay, between 150 and 500 ms. We investigate the impact of delay time on expert usage and learning in three crowdsourced experiments. The first experiment examines an 8-item marking menu with delay times from 200 ms to 2 s. Results show longer delays increase successful expert selections. The second and third experiments generalise this result to a different rehearsal-based menu, a desktop clone of FastTap with 8 items and 15 items. Together, our results show that expert use correlates positively with increased delay time, but can increase errors since users are less risk averse. We also find imperceptible delays of 200 ms can harm long-term retention of menu items. Designers should consider longer delays in rehearsal-based interfaces to encourage a transition to expert usage.

中文翻译：

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基于排练的界面的较长延迟增加了专家的使用

基于排练的界面旨在鼓励从新手到专家的转变，但许多用户未能实现这种转变。这些接口中的大多数会在 150 到 500 毫秒之间的短暂延迟后激活新手模式。我们在三个众包实验中调查了延迟时间对专家使用和学习的影响。第一个实验检查延迟时间从 200 毫秒到 2 秒的 8 项标记菜单。结果表明，较长的延迟会增加成功的专家选择。第二个和第三个实验将此结果推广到不同的基于排练的菜单，即具有 8 个项目和 15 个项目的 FastTap 的桌面克隆。总之，我们的结果表明，专家使用与延迟时间的增加呈正相关，但会增加错误，因为用户的风险厌恶程度较低。我们还发现 200 毫秒的难以察觉的延迟会损害菜单项的长期保留。设计人员应考虑在基于排练的界面中延迟更长的时间，以鼓励过渡到专家使用。