Bronchiectasis is a chronic airway disease with abnormal and persistent bronchial dilatation caused by a variety of reasons. In recent years, numerous reports have shown that bronchiectasis is heterogeneous, the clinical characteristics of patients with different phenotypes are different, and the efficacy of a treatment regimen may vary greatly in patients with different bronchiectasis phenotypes. This paper summarizes the current clinical phenotypic classification of bronchiectasis from the perspective of etiology, microbiology, and the frequency of acute exacerbation, and cluster analysis was used to determine new clinical phenotypes and their statistical and clinical significance. Different tools for assessing disease severity yield different outcomes. This article summarizes the research progress in the above areas, hoping to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the disease.

支气管扩张症是由多种原因引起的支气管异常、持续扩张的慢性气道疾病。近年来大量报道表明，支气管扩张具有异质性，不同表型患者的临床特征不同，不同支气管扩张表型患者的治疗方案疗效也可能存在较大差异。本文从病因学、微生物学、急性加重频率等角度总结了目前支气管扩张症的临床表型分类，并采用聚类分析确定新的临床表型及其统计学和临床​​意义。评估疾病严重程度的不同工具会产生不同的结果。本文总结了上述领域的研究进展，希望能为对该疾病提供更全面的认识。