Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid receptor encoded by the Nr1h4 gene. FXR plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the internal environment and the integrity of many organs, including the liver and intestines. The expression of FXR in nondigestible tissues other than in the liver and small intestine is known as the expression of “nonclassical” bile acid target organs, such as blood vessels and lungs. In recent years, several studies have shown that FXR is widely involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, a number of works have confirmed that FXR can regulate the bile acid metabolism in the body and exert its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in the airways and lungs. In addition, FXR may be used as a potential therapeutic target for some respiratory diseases. For example, FXR can regulate the tumor microenvironment by regulating the balance of inflammatory and immune responses in the body to promote the occurrence and development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), thereby being considered a potential target for immunotherapy of NSCLC. In this article, we provide an overview of the internal relationship between FXR and respiratory diseases to track the progress that has been achieved thus far in this direction and suggest potential therapeutic prospects of FXR in respiratory diseases.

中文翻译：

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Farnesoid X 受体在呼吸系统疾病发病机制中的作用

Farnesoid X 受体 (FXR) 是一种由 Nr1h4 基因编码的胆汁酸受体。FXR 在维持内环境的稳定性和包括肝脏和肠道在内的许多器官的完整性方面起着重要作用。FXR 在肝脏和小肠以外的不可消化组织中的表达被称为“非经典”胆汁酸靶器官，如血管和肺的表达。近年来的多项研究表明，FXR广泛参与慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管哮喘、特发性肺纤维化等多种呼吸系统疾病的发病机制。此外，多项研究证实，FXR可以调节体内胆汁酸代谢，在气道和肺部发挥其抗炎和抗纤维化作用。此外，FXR 可用作某些呼吸系统疾病的潜在治疗靶点。例如，FXR可以通过调节体内炎症和免疫反应的平衡来调节肿瘤微环境，促进非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的发生和发展，从而被认为是NSCLC免疫治疗的潜在靶点。在本文中，我们概述了 FXR 与呼吸系统疾病之间的内部关系，以跟踪迄今为止在该方向上取得的进展，并提出 FXR 在呼吸系统疾病中的潜在治疗前景。FXR可以通过调节体内炎症和免疫反应的平衡来调节肿瘤微环境，促进非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的发生和发展，被认为是NSCLC免疫治疗的潜在靶点。在本文中，我们概述了 FXR 与呼吸系统疾病之间的内部关系，以跟踪迄今为止在该方向上取得的进展，并提出 FXR 在呼吸系统疾病中的潜在治疗前景。FXR可以通过调节体内炎症和免疫反应的平衡来调节肿瘤微环境，促进非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的发生和发展，被认为是NSCLC免疫治疗的潜在靶点。在本文中，我们概述了 FXR 与呼吸系统疾病之间的内部关系，以跟踪迄今为止在该方向上取得的进展，并提出 FXR 在呼吸系统疾病中的潜在治疗前景。