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Safeguarding the fragile rice–wheat ecosystem of the Indo-Gangetic Plains through bio-priming and bioaugmentation interventions
FEMS Microbiology Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 , DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa221
Deepranjan Sarkar 1 , Amitava Rakshit 1
Affiliation  

Managing agrochemicals for crop production always remains a classic challenge for us to maintain the doctrine of sustainability. Intensively cultivated rice–wheat production system without using the organics (organic amendments, manures, biofertilizers) has a tremendous impact on soil characteristics (physical, chemical, and biological), environmental quality (water, air), input use efficiency, ecosystem biodiversity, and nutritional security. Consequently, crop productivity is found to be either decreasing or stagnating. Rice–wheat cropping system is the major agroecosystem in India feeding millions of people, which is widely practiced in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Microorganisms as key players in the soil system can restore the degraded ecosystems using a variety of mechanisms. Here, we propose how delivery systems (i.e., the introduction of microbes in seed, soil, and crop through bio-priming and/or bioaugmentation) can help us in eradicating food scarcity and maintaining sustainability without compromising the ecosystem services. Both bio-priming and bioaugmentation are efficient techniques to utilize bio-agents judiciously for successful crop production by enhancing phytohormones, nutrition status, and stress tolerance levels in plants (including mitigating of abiotic stresses and biocontrol of pests/pathogens). However, there are some differences in application methods, and the latter one also includes the aspects of bioremediation or soil detoxification. Overall, we have highlighted different perspectives on applying biological solutions in the IGP to sustain the dominant (rice–wheat) cropping sequence.

中文翻译:

通过生物引发和生物强化干预措施来保护印度恒河平原脆弱的稻麦生态系统

管理农用化学品用于作物生产始终是我们维持可持续性学说的经典挑战。不使用有机物(有机改良剂,肥料,生物肥料)的集约化稻麦生产系统对土壤特征(物理,化学和生物),环境质量(水,空气),投入物利用效率,生态系统生物多样性,和营养安全。因此,发现农作物生产力下降或停滞。稻麦系统是印度主要的农业生态系统,为数百万人提供食物,在印度恒河平原(IGP)广泛实行。微生物是土壤系统的关键参与者,可以使用多种机制恢复退化的生态系统。在这里,我们提出了投放系统(即 通过生物引发和/或生物强化在种子,土壤和农作物中引入微生物)可以帮助我们在不损害生态系统服务的情况下消除粮食短缺和维持可持续性。生物引发和生物强化都是有效的技术,可通过增强植物体内的植物激素,营养状况和胁迫耐受性水平(包括减轻非生物胁迫和对害虫/病原体的生物控制)来明智地利用生物制剂成功地进行作物生产。但是,施用方法存在一些差异,后一种还包括生物修复或土壤排毒方面。总体而言,我们强调了在IGP中应用生物解决方案来维持主要(稻麦)种植顺序的不同观点。以及通过生物引发和/或生物增强作用的农作物)可以帮助我们在不损害生态系统服务的前提下消除粮食短缺和维持可持续性。生物引发和生物强化都是有效的技术,可通过增强植物体内的植物激素,营养状况和胁迫耐受性水平(包括减轻非生物胁迫和对害虫/病原体的生物控制)来明智地利用生物制剂成功地进行作物生产。但是,施用方法存在一些差异,后一种还包括生物修复或土壤排毒方面。总体而言,我们强调了在IGP中应用生物解决方案来维持主要(稻麦)种植顺序的不同观点。以及通过生物引发和/或生物增强作用的农作物)可以帮助我们在不损害生态系统服务的前提下消除粮食短缺和维持可持续性。生物引发和生物强化都是有效的技术,可通过增强植物体内的植物激素,营养状况和胁迫耐受性水平(包括减轻非生物胁迫和对害虫/病原体的生物控制)来明智地利用生物制剂成功地进行作物生产。但是,施用方法存在一些差异,后一种还包括生物修复或土壤排毒方面。总体而言,我们强调了在IGP中应用生物解决方案来维持主要(稻麦)种植顺序的不同观点。
更新日期:2020-11-27
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