Molecular imaging has rapidly developed to answer the need of image contrast in medical diagnostic imaging to go beyond morphological information to include functional differences in imaged tissues at the cellular and molecular levels. Vibrational (infrared (IR) and Raman) imaging has rapidly emerged among the molecular imaging modalities available, due to its label-free combination of high spatial resolution with chemical specificity. This article presents the physical basis of vibrational spectroscopy and imaging, followed by illustration of their preclinical in vitro applications in body fluids and cells, ex vivo tissues and in vivo small animals and ending with a brief discussion of their clinical translation. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of IR/Raman imaging with the other main modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/single-photon emission-computed tomography (PET/SPECT), ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), the design of multimodal probes combining vibrational imaging with other modalities is discussed, illustrated by some preclinical proof-of-concept examples.

中文翻译：

---

红外和基于拉曼的生物医学分子成像简介以及与其他方式的比较

分子成像已迅速发展，以满足医学诊断成像中图像对比度的需求，超越形态学信息，包括在细胞和分子水平上成像组织的功能差异。由于其高空间分辨率和化学特异性的无标记组合，振动（红外（IR）和拉曼）成像在可用的分子成像方式中迅速出现。本文介绍了振动光谱和成像的物理基础，然后说明了它们在体液和细胞、离体组织和体内小动物中的临床前体外应用，最后简要讨论了它们的临床转化。在比较了红外/拉曼成像与其他主要方式的优缺点后，