Industrial and urban dusts were characterized by investigating their magnetic properties. Topsoil composed of technogenic magnetic particles (TMP) originating from areas affected by three ironworks, street dust mainly composed of traffic-related pollution, and particulate matter (PM) from urban agglomeration in Warsaw, Poland were investigated. Several magnetic methods, namely magnetic susceptibility, thermomagnetic curves, hysteresis loops, decomposition of isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition curves, and first-order reversal curves, were performed to evaluate the magnetic fraction of dust. Magnetite was the main magnetic phase in all types of samples, with a small amount of high-coercive hematite within ironworks and street dust samples. Significant differences were observed in the domain structure (grain size) of industrial and traffic-related magnetic particles. The grain size of TMP obtained from steel production was in the range of 5–20 µm and was predominated by a mixture of single-domain (SD) and multidomain (MD) grains, with the prevalence of SD grains in the topsoil affected by Třinec ironwork. The traffic-related dust contained finer grains with a size of about 0.1 µm, which is characteristic of the pseudo-single-domain (PSD)/SD threshold. Street dusts were composed of a slightly higher proportion of MD grains, while PM also revealed the typical behavior of superparamagnetic particles.

中文翻译：

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用于区分城市和工业粉尘的综合磁分析

工业和城市粉尘的特征在于研究其磁性。对波兰华沙市受三个铁厂影响的地区的由技术磁性颗粒（TMP）组成的表土，主要由交通相关污染构成的街道尘土和城市集聚区的颗粒物（PM）进行了调查。进行了几种磁学方法，即磁化率，热磁曲线，磁滞回线，等温剩余磁化强度采集曲线的分解和一阶反转曲线，以评估粉尘的磁分数。磁铁矿是所有类型样品中的主要磁性相，铁厂和街道粉尘样品中有少量高矫顽力赤铁矿。在工业和交通相关的磁性颗粒的畴结构（晶粒尺寸）中观察到了显着差异。钢铁生产的TMP晶粒尺寸在5–20 µm的范围内，主要由单畴（SD）和多畴（MD）晶粒的混合物组成，表土中SD晶粒的普遍性受Třinec影响铁工。与交通有关的灰尘中包含的细颗粒约为0.1 µm，这是伪单域（PSD）/ SD阈值的特征。街道上的灰尘由较高比例的MD晶粒组成，而PM也显示出超顺磁性颗粒的典型行为。钢铁生产的TMP晶粒尺寸在5–20 µm的范围内，主要由单畴（SD）和多畴（MD）晶粒的混合物组成，表土中SD晶粒的普遍性受Třinec影响铁工。与交通有关的灰尘中包含的细颗粒约为0.1 µm，这是伪单域（PSD）/ SD阈值的特征。街道上的灰尘由较高比例的MD晶粒组成，而PM也显示出超顺磁性颗粒的典型行为。钢铁生产的TMP晶粒尺寸在5–20 µm的范围内，主要由单畴（SD）和多畴（MD）晶粒的混合物组成，表土中SD晶粒的普遍性受Třinec影响铁工。与交通有关的灰尘中包含的细颗粒约为0.1 µm，这是伪单域（PSD）/ SD阈值的特征。街道上的灰尘由较高比例的MD晶粒组成，而PM也显示出超顺磁性颗粒的典型行为。