Using dynamic load identification technology to identify the wheel-rail force of rail vehicles is an economical and convenient method for indirect measurement. In this paper an analytical load identification method is proposed. Firstly, based on the theory of structural dynamics, the Duhamel integral is applied, combined with the characteristics of the rail vehicle system, to derive the analytical load identification method. Secondly, the correctness of the method is verified by a multi-degree-of-freedom system with exact solution. Next, a detailed vehicle dynamics simulation model is established as a virtual test vehicle and source of virtual measurements of the vehicle responses (axlebox accelerations). Different operating conditions are considered, and the virtual acceleration measurements are used as input to the load identification method for indirect measurement of the wheel-rail forces. Finally, the identified vertical and lateral wheelset force, vertical force of the left and right wheels, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate are compared with the corresponding time-histories from the virtual test-vehicle simulations. A good agreement is found with all of their correlation coefficients above 0.8. This result has important implications on the safety evaluation of vehicle curve negotiation by using acceleration measurements only, without the need for direct force measurements.

采用动载荷辨识技术对轨道车辆轮轨力进行辨识是一种经济、便捷的间接测量方法。本文提出了一种分析载荷识别方法。首先，基于结构动力学理论，应用Duhamel积分，结合轨道车辆系统的特点，推导出解析载荷辨识方法。其次，通过具有精确解的多自由度系统验证了该方法的正确性。接下来，建立详细的车辆动力学仿真模型作为虚拟测试车辆和车辆响应（轴箱加速度）虚拟测量的来源。考虑了不同的操作条件，虚拟加速度测量值作为载荷识别方法的输入，用于间接测量轮轨力。最后，将确定的垂直和横向轮对力、左右车轮的垂直力、脱轨系数和车轮卸载率与来自虚拟试验车模拟的相应时间历程进行比较。发现它们的所有相关系数均高于 0.8，具有良好的一致性。该结果对仅使用加速度测量而不需要直接力测量的车辆曲线协商的安全性评估具有重要意义。将脱轨系数和车轮卸载率与来自虚拟测试车辆模拟的相应时间历程进行比较。发现它们的所有相关系数均高于 0.8，具有良好的一致性。该结果对仅使用加速度测量而不需要直接力测量的车辆曲线协商的安全性评估具有重要意义。将脱轨系数和车轮卸载率与来自虚拟测试车辆模拟的相应时间历程进行比较。发现它们的所有相关系数均高于 0.8，具有良好的一致性。该结果对仅使用加速度测量而不需要直接力测量的车辆曲线协商的安全性评估具有重要意义。