Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of patient-specific three-dimensional printed drill guides (3D-PDG) for the placement of a coxofemoral toggle via a minimally invasive approach.

Materials and Methods Pre-procedure computed tomography (CT) data of 19 canine cadaveric hips were used to design a cadaver-specific 3D-PDG that conformed to the proximal femur. Femoral and acetabular bone tunnels were drilled through the 3D-PDG, and a coxofemoral toggle pin was placed. The accuracy of tunnel placement was evaluated with post-procedure CT and gross dissection.

Results Coxofemoral toggle pins were successfully placed in all dogs. Mean exit point translation at the fovea capitis was 2.5 mm (0.2–7.5) when comparing pre- and post-procedure CT scans. Gross dissection revealed the bone tunnel exited the fovea capitis inside (3/19), partially inside (12/19) and outside of (4/19) the ligament of the head of the femur. Placement of the bone tunnel through the acetabulum was inside (16/19), partially inside (1/19) and outside (2/19) of the acetabular fossa. Small 1 to 2 mm articular cartilage fragments were noted in 10 of 19 specimens.

Clinical Significance Three-dimensional printed drill guide designed for coxofemoral toggle pin application is feasible. Errors are attributed to surgical execution and identification of the borders of the fovea capitis on CT data. Future studies should investigate modifications to 3D-PDG design and methods. Three-dimensional printed drill guide for coxofemoral toggle pin placement warrants consideration for use in select clinical cases of traumatic coxofemoral luxation.

目的 本研究的目的是评估患者特定的 3D 打印导钻器 (3D-PDG) 在通过微创方法放置髋股肘节时的准确性。

材料和方法 19 具犬尸体髋关​​节的术前计算机断层扫描 (CT) 数据用于设计符合股骨近端的尸体特异性 3D-PDG。通过 3D-PDG 钻出股骨和髋臼骨隧道，并放置一个髋股关节针。通过术后 CT 和大体解剖评估隧道放置的准确性。

结果 Coxofemoral 肘节销成功地放置在所有狗身上。比较术前和术后 CT 扫描时，头中央凹的平均出口点平移为 2.5 毫米（0.2-7.5）。大体解剖显示骨隧道在股骨头韧带内侧 (3/19)、部分内侧 (12/19) 和外侧 (4/19) 离开头中心凹。穿过髋臼的骨隧道放置在髋臼窝的内侧（16/19）、部分内侧（1/19）和外侧（2/19）。在 19 个标本中的 10 个中发现了 1 至 2 毫米的小关节软骨碎片。

临床意义 为髋股关节销应用设计的三维打印导钻器是可行的。错误归因于手术执行和 CT 数据上中央凹边界的识别。未来的研究应该调查对 3D-PDG 设计和方法的修改。用于放置髋股关节销钉的 3D 打印钻孔指南值得考虑用于特定的外伤性髋股关节脱位临床病例。