Bacterial infections still present a significant concern in orthopedic and dental implant failure. Previous investigations have focused on modifying the surface texture, roughness, or coating implants with antibiotics to provide enhanced anti‐bacterial properties. However, they have demonstrated limited success. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nano level using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) inspired by cicada's wing structure. Two modified surfaces of Ti plates were developed using 4 and 8‐hr AHT at 230°C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, with little artifacts on the surface. In contrast, 4‐hr AHT and 8‐hr AHT plates showed nano‐spikes of heights around 250–350 and 100–1,250 nm, respectively, that were distributed randomly all over the surface. We found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) number of non‐viable cells for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains when incubated for 1 hr in a dynamic environment when compared with the control group. The 8‐hr AHT groups killed 38.97% more S. aureus in static culture and 11.27% in a dynamic environment than the 4‐hr AHT. Overall, the findings indicate that the nanostructures generated on titanium by the AHT showed significant bactericidal properties. We, therefore, recommend conducting alkaline hydrothermal treatment on the surfaces for future orthopedic and dental metallic implants.

中文翻译：

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用于骨科和牙科植入物的仿生抗菌表面

细菌感染仍然是骨科和牙种植体失败的一个重要问题。以前的研究集中在改变表面纹理、粗糙度或用抗生素涂覆植入物以提供增强的抗菌性能。然而，他们取得了有限的成功。在这项研究中，我们尝试使用受蝉翼结构启发的碱性水热处理 (AHT) 在纳米级仿生钛 (Ti) 合金表面。在 230°C 下使用 4 小时和 8 小时 AHT 开发了两种钛板的改性表面。我们发现对照板显示出相对光滑的表面，表面几乎没有伪影。相比之下，4 小时 AHT 和 8 小时 AHT 板分别显示出高度约为 250-350 和 100-1,250 nm 的纳米尖峰，随机分布在整个表面。我们发现有统计学意义（p < 0.05)与对照组相比，在动态环境中孵育 1 小时时，金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌菌株 的非活细胞数。与 4 小时 AHT 相比，8 小时 AHT 组在静态培养中杀死了 38.97% 的金黄色葡萄球菌，在动态环境中杀死了 11.27%。总体而言，研究结果表明，AHT 在钛上产生的纳米结构显示出显着的杀菌特性。因此，我们建议对未来的骨科和牙科金属植入物的表面进行碱性水热处理。