Bioremediation is a promising technology for the treatment of environmental contaminants and paving new avenues for the betterment of the environment. Over the last some years, several approaches have been employed to optimize the genetic machinery of microorganisms relevant to bioremediation. Metabolic engineering is one of them that provides a new insight for bioremediation. This review envisages the critical role of these techniques toward exploring the possibilities of the creation of a new pathway, leading to pathway expansion to new substrates by assembling of catabolic modules from different origins in the same microbial cell. The recombinant DNA technology and gene editing tools were also explored for the construction of metabolically engineered microbial strains for the degradation of complex pollutants. Moreover, the importance of CRISPR–Cas system for knock-in and knock-out of genes was described by using recent studies. Further, the idea of the cocultivation of more than one metabolic engineered microbial communities is also discussed, which can be crucial in the bioremediation of multiple and complex pollutants. Finally, this review also elucidates the effective application of metabolic engineering in bioremediation through these techniques and tools.

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生物修复中代谢工程技术的未来途径

生物修复是一种很有前途的技术，可用于处理环境污染物并为改善环境开辟新途径。在过去的几年里，已经采用了几种方法来优化与生物修复相关的微生物的遗传机制。代谢工程就是其中之一，它为生物修复提供了新的见解。本综述设想了这些技术在探索创建新途径的可能性方面的关键作用，通过在同一微生物细胞中组装来自不同来源的分解代谢模块，从而将途径扩展到新的底物。还探索了重组 DNA 技术和基因编辑工具，以构建用于降解复杂污染物的代谢工程微生物菌株。而且，使用最近的研究描述了 CRISPR-Cas 系统对基因敲入和敲除的重要性。此外，还讨论了共培养多个代谢工程微生物群落的想法，这对于多种复杂污染物的生物修复至关重要。最后，本综述还通过这些技术和工具阐明了代谢工程在生物修复中的有效应用。