Based on its “lock-key theory”, molecular imprinting technique (MIT) has received extensive attention and obtained huge development. Because of their highly tunable nature and outstanding physicochemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) as a promising substance class have obtained in-depth investigation and been widely utilized in various fields. The combination of MIT and ILs can not only enlarge research and application scope of ILs, but also well deal with some shortcomings and challenges of MIT. In this review, we will comprehensively summarize the related works about molecularly imprinted polymers incorporating with ionic liquids (IL-MIPs) and their application in solid-phase extraction (SPE). During the preparation of IL-MIPs, ILs take on different roles, sorting into single role (functional monomer, porogen, stabilizer, cross-linker, etc.) and dual/multiple role (monomer-stabilizer, monomer-cross linker, monomer-template, surface modifier-monomer, etc.). The application of IL-MIPs as SPE adsorbents will be discussed from the point of extraction form (off-line SPE and on-line SPE). In the end, the challenges and future outlook about this topic will also be discussed.

基于其“锁键理论”，分子印迹技术（MIT）受到了广泛的关注并获得了巨大的发展。由于其高度可调的性质和出色的理化特性，作为有希望的物质类别的离子液体（ILs）已得到了深入的研究，并已广泛应用于各个领域。MIT与IL的结合不仅可以扩大IL的研究和应用范围，而且可以很好地解决MIT的一些不足和挑战。在这篇综述中，我们将全面总结有关与离子液体（IL-MIP）结合的分子印迹聚合物及其在固相萃取（SPE）中的应用的相关工作。在制备IL-MIP的过程中，IL扮演不同的角色，分为单一角色（功能单体，致孔剂，稳定剂，交联剂等）。）和双重/多重作用（单体稳定剂，单体交联剂，单体模板，表面改性剂单体等）。从萃取形式（离线SPE和在线SPE）的角度讨论IL-MIP作为SPE吸附剂的应用。最后，还将讨论有关该主题的挑战和未来前景。