Abstract Kostenki 9 is a small Gravettian site in the Kostenki-Borshchevo area of Russia, known for a highly homogeneous assemblage of ventrally truncated backed bladelets, as well as the presence of ground stone artefacts. The site was mainly excavated during the twentieth century but in recent years small-scale work has begun again at the site. Until now no radiocarbon dates have been available for the site, although it has been assumed to be broadly contemporary with Borshchevo 5/I and Kostenki 4 due to similarities in their assemblages. Here we present the first radiocarbon dates for the site, which confirm that the site is roughly the same age as Borshchevo 5/I and Kostenki 4, and older than the Kostenki-Avdeevo Culture sites in the region. We also present an overview of the lithic assemblage (both knapped and ground stone) based on recent studies. The truncated backed bladelets found at the site are highly comparable to similar artefacts of approximately the same age found at a series of sites in Central Europe, including Jaksice II, Trencianske Bohuslavice, Petřkovice I and Milovice I. This is a key point of material culture similarity that requires further work but which hints at long-distance social and cultural links across Eastern and Central Europe slightly pre-dating the well-known connections that have been established based on the shared presence of shouldered points. Similarities in material culture across this region are further attested by analogies among personal ornaments – waisted double-headed beads – found at the Kostenki sites and at Grub/Kranawetberg in Austria.

中文翻译：

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Kostënki 9：俄罗斯 Gravettian 遗址的年代学和石器组合

摘要 Kostenki 9 是俄罗斯 Kostenki-Borshchevo 地区的一个小型 Gravettian 遗址，以高度均匀的腹侧截断背刃小叶组合以及磨石文物的存在而闻名。该遗址主要是在 20 世纪挖掘的，但近年来，该遗址又开始了小规模的工作。到目前为止，还没有该地点的放射性碳日期可用，尽管由于它们组合的相似性，人们假设它与 Borshchevo 5/I 和 Kostenki 4 大致同时代。在这里，我们展示了该地点的第一个放射性碳日期，这证实该地点与 Borshchevo 5/I 和 Kostenki 4 的年龄大致相同，并且比该地区的 Kostenki-Avdeevo 文化遗址更古老。我们还根据最近的研究概述了石器组合（包括碎石和磨石）。在该遗址发现的被截断的背刃刀片与在中欧一系列遗址中发现的大约相同时代的类似手工艺品具有高度可比性，包括 Jaksice II、Trencianske Bohuslavice、Petřkovice I 和 Milovice I。需要进一步研究的相似性，但暗示东欧和中欧的远距离社会和文化联系稍微早于基于共同存在的肩点建立的众所周知的联系。在科斯滕基遗址和奥地利的格鲁布/克拉纳维贝格发现的个人装饰品——腰双头珠子——之间的类比进一步证明了该地区物质文化的相似性。