Abstract Electrochemical energy devices including batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells are reliable and practical technologies in which carbon-based electrode materials play critical roles in enhancing performance. Because of this, the source and synthesis of these carbon-based materials have been extensively explored and developed. And of the various carbon-based materials, biomass-derived carbon materials and corresponding composites have been recognized to be capable of delivering high capacities, enhanced rate performances and prolonged cycling stabilities in both lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors as partially induced through a combination of favorable pore structures and heteroatom-doping. In addition, biomass-derived carbon materials can provide significantly enhanced activity and stability for cathode oxygen reduction reactions if used as catalyst support materials in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Based on this, this review will provide a comprehensive assessment as well as critical analysis and systematic comparison of biomass-derived carbon materials and corresponding composites as electrode materials in various electrochemical energy devices based on recent progresses in research and development. In addition, related technical challenges are analyzed and possible research directions are proposed to further development for practical application.

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用于电化学能源技术的生物质衍生纳米结构碳及其复合材料的研究进展

摘要 电池、超级电容器和燃料电池等电化学能源设备是可靠实用的技术，其中碳基电极材料在提高性能方面发挥着关键作用。正因为如此，这些碳基材料的来源和合成得到了广泛的探索和开发。在各种碳基材料中，生物质衍生的碳材料和相应的复合材料已被认为能够在锂离子电池和超级电容器中提供高容量、增强的倍率性能和延长的循环稳定性，这部分是通过结合有利的孔结构和杂原子掺杂。此外，如果用作聚合物电解质膜燃料电池中的催化剂载体材料，生物质衍生的碳材料可以为阴极氧还原反应提供显着增强的活性和稳定性。在此基础上，本综述将根据最近的研究和开发进展，对生物质衍生的碳材料和相应的复合材料作为各种电化学能源设备中的电极材料进行全面评估、批判性分析和系统比较。此外，分析了相关的技术挑战，并提出了可能的研究方向，以进一步发展以实现实际应用。本综述将根据最近的研究和开发进展，对生物质衍生的碳材料和相应的复合材料作为各种电化学能源设备中的电极材料进行全面评估、批判性分析和系统比较。此外，分析了相关的技术挑战，并提出了可能的研究方向，以进一步发展以实现实际应用。本综述将根据最近的研究和开发进展，对生物质衍生的碳材料和相应的复合材料作为各种电化学能源设备中的电极材料进行全面评估、批判性分析和系统比较。此外，分析了相关的技术挑战，并提出了可能的研究方向，以进一步发展以实现实际应用。