Abstract A renewable and eco-friendly lignin-based flame retardant was prepared to improve the flame retardant performance of epoxy resin (EP) by green and convenient one-step reaction of Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP), Melamine (MEL) and Al-lignin. Thermal and flame retardant properties test results showed that the properties of epoxy resin were significantly improved after adding 20% of flame retardant. Its carbon residue increased by 15.3 wt % and limit oxygen index value increased from 26.7% to 36.1%. In addition, it also showed excellent smoke suppression effect and low heat release rate. Its total smoke production (TSP) was 9.9 m2 and total heat release (THR) rate was 53.1 MJ/m2. In contrast, the TSP and THR of EP were much higher than 9.9 m2 and 53.1 MJ/m2, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that the conversion rate ranging from 0.05 to 0.85 corresponded to activation energy between 97.83 kJ mol−1 and 327.45 kJ mol−1. Flame retardant mechanism showed that the performance of this renewable and eco-friendly lignin-based flame retardant was excellent in fire suppression and smoke suppression.

中文翻译：

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一种新型木质素基环氧树脂阻燃剂的制备

摘要 通过绿色、便捷的多磷酸铵（APP）、三聚氰胺（MEL）和铝木质素的一步反应，制备了一种可再生、环保的木质素基阻燃剂，以提高环氧树脂（EP）的阻燃性能。热和阻燃性能测试结果表明，加入20%的阻燃剂后，环氧树脂的性能得到显着改善。其残炭增加了15.3wt%，极限氧指数值从26.7%提高到36.1%。此外，它还表现出优异的抑烟效果和低放热率。其总产​​烟量 (TSP) 为 9.9 m2，总放热 (THR) 率为 53.1 MJ/m2。相比之下，EP 的 TSP 和 THR 分别远高于 9.9 m2 和 53.1 MJ/m2。动力学分析表明，转化率在 0.05 到 0 之间。85 对应于 97.83 kJ mol-1 和 327.45 kJ mol-1 之间的活化能。阻燃机理表明，这种可再生、环保的木质素基阻燃剂具有优异的灭火和抑烟性能。