Commercialization of novel adsorbents technology for providing safe drinking water must consider scale-up methodological approaches to bridge the gap between laboratory and industrial applications. These imply complex matrix analysis and large-scale experiment designs. Arsenic concentrations up to 200-fold higher (2000 µg/L) than the WHO safe drinking limit (10 µg/L) have been reported in Latin American drinking waters. In this work, biochar was developed from a single, readily available, and taxonomically identified woody bamboo species, Guadua chacoensis. Raw biochar (BC) from slow pyrolysis (700 ^oC for 1 h) and its analog containing chemically precipitated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (BC-Fe) were produced. BC-Fe performed well in fixed-bed column sorption. Predicted model capacities ranged from 8.2-7.5 mg/g and were not affected by pH 5-9 shift. The effect of competing matrix chemicals including sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chloride, acetate, dichromate, carbonate, fluoride, selenate, and molybdate ions (each at 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM and 1 mM) was evaluated. Fe₃O₄ enhanced the adsorption of arsenate as well as phosphate, molybdate, dichromate and selenate. With the exception of nitrate, individually competing ions at low concentration (0.01 mM) did not significantly inhibit As(V) sorption onto BC-Fe. The presence of ten different ions in low concentrations (0.01 mM) did not exert much influence and BC-Fés preference for arsenate, and removal remained above 90%. The batch and column BC and BC-Fe adsorption capacities and their ability to provide safe drinking water were evaluated using a naturally contaminated tap water (165 ± 5 µg/L As). A 960 mL volume (203.8 Bed Volumes) of As-free drinking water was collected from a 1 g BC-Fe fixed bed. Adsorbent regeneration was attempted with (NH₄)₂SO₄, KOH, or K₃PO₄ (1 M) strippers. Potassium phosphate performed the best for BC-Fe regeneration. Safe disposal options for the exhausted adsorbents are proposed. Adsorbents and their As-laden analogues (from single and multi-component mixtures) were characterized using high resolution XPS and possible competitive interactions and adsorption pathways and attractive interactions were proposed including electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonding and weak chemisorption to BC phenolics. Stoichiometric precipitation of metal (Mg, Ca and Fe) oxyanion (phosphate, molybdate, selenate and chromate) insoluble compounds is considered. The use of a packed BC-Fe cartridge to provide As-free drinking water is presented for potential commercial use. BC-Fe is an environmentally friendly and potentially cost-effective adsorbent to provide arsenic-free household water.

用于提供安全饮用水的新型吸附剂技术的商业化必须考虑扩大方法学方法，以弥合实验室和工业应用之间的差距。这些意味着复杂的矩阵分析和大规模的实验设计。据报告，拉丁美洲饮用水中的砷浓度比世界卫生组织的安全饮水极限（10微克/升）高200倍（2000微克/升）。在这项工作中，生物炭是从单一的，易于获得的，通过分类学鉴定的木质竹种Guadua chacoensis开发而来的。缓慢热解（700 ^o C，1 h）制得的原始生物炭（BC）及其类似物，含有化学沉淀的Fe ₃ O ₄产生纳米颗粒（BC-Fe）。BC-Fe在固定床色谱柱吸附中表现良好。预测的模型容量范围为8.2-7.5 mg / g，不受pH 5-9偏移的影响。评估了竞争性基质化学物质（包括硫酸根，磷酸根，硝酸根，氯离子，乙酸根，重铬酸根，碳酸根，氟离子，硒酸根和钼酸根离子（分别为0.01 mM，0.1 mM和1 mM）的影响。铁₃ O ₄增强了砷酸盐以及磷酸盐，钼酸盐，重铬酸盐和硒酸盐的吸附。除硝酸盐外，低浓度（0.01 mM）的单个竞争离子均不会显着抑制As（V）吸附到BC-Fe上。低浓度（0.01 mM）的十种不同离子的存在并没有产生太大影响，并且BC-Fés偏爱砷酸盐，并且去除率保持在90％以上。使用自然污染的自来水（165±5 µg / L As）对批次和塔的BC和BC-Fe的吸附能力及其提供安全饮用水的能力进行了评估。从1 g BC-Fe固定床中收集了960 mL体积（203.8床体积）的无砷饮用水。尝试使用（NH ₄）₂ SO ₄，KOH或K _3进行吸附剂再生PO ₄（1 M）脱衣舞娘。磷酸钾对BC-Fe再生表现最佳。提出了用完的吸附剂的安全处置方案。使用高分辨率XPS对吸附剂及其载有砷的类似物（来自单组分和多组分混合物）进行了表征，并提出了可能的竞争性相互作用和吸附途径，并提出了有吸引力的相互作用，包括静电吸引，氢键和对BC酚类的弱化学吸附。考虑了不溶性金属（镁，钙和铁）氧阴离子（磷酸盐，钼酸盐，硒酸盐和铬酸盐）的化学计量沉淀。已经提出使用包装的BC-Fe筒来提供无砷的饮用水用于潜在的商业用途。BC-Fe是一种环保且具有潜在成本效益的吸附剂，可提供无砷的生活用水。