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Wax Precipitation Modelling using Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory, PC-SAFT
Fluid Phase Equilibria ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2020.112911
I. Shahsenov , I. Baghishov , P. Allahverdiyev , E. Azizov

Abstract Wax precipitation is one of the most challenging flow assurance problems because of its ability to create restrictions to flow inside wellbores, pipelines, and some production facilities. Inaccuracy in predictions of wax appearance temperature (WAT) and amount of precipitated wax makes it necessary to reassess existing thermodynamic models. In addition, most of the current models require accurate description of wax composition from expensive PNA analysis. Here we propose to substitute traditional cubic equations-of-state with perturbed chain form of the statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT). The advantage of PC-SAFT is mainly the accuracy in the estimation of fugacities of heavy components in vapor and liquid mixtures. These fugacities are important because they define the equilibrium between wax, liquid and vapor phases. The novelty of this research was in approach for fluid characterization. Such models as multi-solid or solution-solid were not used. Instead, wax phase was represented as one phase and its amount was taken from inexpensive cross-polarized microscopy data. Therefore, we did not need PNA analysis. To be able to accurately predict with one wax component, reservoir was divided into sectors to determine PC-SAFT parameters for this wax component from calibration of each sector separately. Later, when a new well is drilled, its content of wax can be determined from the cross-polarized experiment and PC-SAFT parameters are same as PC-SAFT parameters of that sector (they were obtained from calibration for that sector before). This data alone is enough to predict amount of precipitated wax at any conditions with high accuracy. First, we validated PC-SAFT with experimental PVT data such as bubble point pressure, gas-to-oil ratio (GOR) and oil formation volume factor (Bo) and compared to the results of Peng Robinson EoS. This PVT data is from one of the fields in the South Caspian Basin. The first validation of wax precipitation itself, however, was performed on experimental data in the literature. Later, the model was calibrated on the oil sample data (composition and wax data from cross-polarized lab experiment) from the field in the South Caspian Basin. Finally, we verified the model with the data from the rest of the wells in this field. The results prove the accuracy of PC-SAFT method and show that costs of PNA analysis can be avoided if cross-polarized microscopy is available.

中文翻译:

使用扰动链统计关联流体理论进行蜡沉淀建模,PC-SAFT

摘要 蜡沉淀是最具挑战性的流动保证问题之一,因为它能够限制井筒、管道和一些生产设施内的流动。蜡出现温度 (WAT) 和沉淀蜡量的预测不准确,因此有必要重新评估现有的热力学模型。此外,当前的大多数模型都需要从昂贵的 PNA 分析中准确描述蜡成分。在这里,我们建议用统计关联流体理论 (PC-SAFT) 的扰动链形式代替传统的三次状态方程。PC-SAFT 的优势主要是在估计蒸气和液体混合物中重组分逸度方面的准确性。这些逸度很重要,因为它们定义了蜡、液相和气相之间的平衡。这项研究的新颖之处在于流体表征方法。没有使用诸如多实体或溶液实体之类的模型。相反,蜡相被表示为一个相,其数量取自廉价的交叉偏振显微镜数据。因此,我们不需要 PNA 分析。为了能够使用一种蜡成分进行准确预测,储层被划分为多个扇区,以通过对每个扇区分别进行校准来确定该蜡成分的 PC-SAFT 参数。之后,当新钻一口井时,可以通过交叉极化实验确定其蜡含量,并且PC-SAFT参数与该扇区的PC-SAFT参数相同(它们是从该扇区之前的校准中获得的)。仅此数据就足以高精度地预测任何条件下的沉淀蜡量。第一的,我们使用泡点压力、气油比 (GOR) 和油层体积因子 (Bo) 等实验 PVT 数据验证了 PC-SAFT,并与 Peng Robinson EoS 的结果进行了比较。此 PVT 数据来自南里海盆地的一个油田。然而,蜡沉淀本身的第一次验证是根据文献中的实验数据进行的。后来,该模型根据南里海盆地油田的油样数据(来自交叉极化实验室实验的成分和蜡数据)进行了校准。最后,我们使用该油田其余井的数据验证了模型。结果证明了 PC-SAFT 方法的准确性,并表明如果可以使用交叉偏振显微镜,可以避免 PNA 分析的成本。气油比 (GOR) 和油层体积因子 (Bo) 并与 Peng Robinson EoS 的结果进行比较。此 PVT 数据来自南里海盆地的一个油田。然而,蜡沉淀本身的第一次验证是根据文献中的实验数据进行的。后来,该模型根据南里海盆地油田的油样数据(来自交叉极化实验室实验的成分和蜡数据)进行了校准。最后,我们使用该油田其余井的数据验证了模型。结果证明了 PC-SAFT 方法的准确性,并表明如果可以使用交叉偏振显微镜,可以避免 PNA 分析的成本。气油比 (GOR) 和油层体积因子 (Bo) 并与 Peng Robinson EoS 的结果进行比较。此 PVT 数据来自南里海盆地的一个油田。然而,蜡沉淀本身的第一次验证是根据文献中的实验数据进行的。后来,该模型根据南里海盆地油田的油样数据(来自交叉极化实验室实验的成分和蜡数据)进行了校准。最后,我们使用该油田其余井的数据验证了模型。结果证明了 PC-SAFT 方法的准确性,并表明如果可以使用交叉偏振显微镜,可以避免 PNA 分析的成本。然而,蜡沉淀本身的第一次验证是根据文献中的实验数据进行的。后来,该模型根据南里海盆地油田的油样数据(来自交叉极化实验室实验的成分和蜡数据)进行了校准。最后,我们使用该油田其余井的数据验证了模型。结果证明了 PC-SAFT 方法的准确性,并表明如果可以使用交叉偏振显微镜,可以避免 PNA 分析的成本。然而,蜡沉淀本身的第一次验证是根据文献中的实验数据进行的。后来,该模型根据南里海盆地油田的油样数据(来自交叉极化实验室实验的成分和蜡数据)进行了校准。最后,我们使用该油田其余井的数据验证了模型。结果证明了 PC-SAFT 方法的准确性,并表明如果可以使用交叉偏振显微镜,可以避免 PNA 分析的成本。
更新日期:2021-03-01
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