This study presents a comprehensive, energy-based model for the evaluation of the liquefaction potential of all types of sandy soils, including clean, silty, and clayey sands. Unlike previous energy-based capacity models, this study considers the effect of Plasticity Index (PI) and loading Frequency (Frq) in the proposed model. Introducing an innovative method, the model was developed in two steps. At first, a small-scale model was developed using Evolutionary Polynomial Regression method (EPR), considering PI, Frq, Fine Content (FC), mean grain size (D₅₀), and uniformity coefficient (C_u). For this aim, 63 laminar shaking table tests were performed on different fine-grained soils mixed with sand, with a wide range of PI (from 0 to 26) to provide a comprehensive data bank for EPR modeling. Then, by introducing an appropriate scaling factor, the model was scaled up to the field condition considering effective stress (${\sigma }_v^{\prime }$) and relative density (D_r). The model was successfully verified using a number of 100 case-histories worldwide with various soil properties. The results showed that the present model is considerably superior to previous energy-based models. Parametric analysis demonstrated that the liquefaction capacity energy of sandy soils with high fine content is mainly influenced by FC and PI, respectively.

这项研究提出了一种基于能量的综合模型，用于评估所有类型的沙土（包括清洁，粉质和黏性沙土）的液化潜力。与以前的基于能量的容量模型不同，本研究在建议的模型中考虑了可塑性指数（PI）和加载频率（Frq）的影响。通过引入创新方法，该模型分两步开发。首先，考虑到PI，Frq，精细含量（FC），平均晶粒尺寸（D ₅₀）和均匀系数（C _u），使用进化多项式回归方法（EPR）开发了一个小规模模型。）。为了这个目的，在混合有沙子的不同细颗粒土壤上进行了63个层流振动台测试，具有广泛的PI（从0到26），为EPR建模提供了一个全面的数据库。然后，通过引入适当的比例因子，考虑有效应力，将模型按比例放大至现场条件（${\sigma }_v^{\prime }$）和相对密度（D _r）。该模型已在全球范围内使用100种具有不同土壤特性的案例进行了成功验证。结果表明，该模型明显优于以前的基于能量的模型。参数分析表明，细度高的砂土的液化能力能量主要受FC和PI的影响。