Population-based analysis for the short-term non-bladder cancer related mortality among patients with non-metastatic bladder cancer is currently lacking. The objective of the current study was to assess and quantify cause of death after bladder cancer diagnosis. The custom Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset for standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) was utilized to identify 24,074 patients who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic (M0) bladder cancer from 2014 to 2015. SMRs for causes of death were calculated. Risk factors for bladder cancer-specific mortality, competing mortality, second-cancer mortality, and noncancer mortality were determined using either multivariable Cox or competing risk regression models. Among all the 4179 (17.4%) deaths occurred during the follow-up period, almost half of them (44.2%) were attributed to non-bladder cancer cause, including second non-bladder cancer (10%) and other non-cancer causes (34.2%). The most common noncancer causes of death were heart diseases followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients had a higher risk of death from second malignancies (SMR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.47–1.74) compared with death from first malignancies in the US general population, and also had higher risks of death from heart diseases (SMR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18–1.40) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SMR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.29–1.79) compared with the US general population. Additionally, some risk factors for competing second malignancies or noncancer mortality were determined, such as age, gender, marital status and treatment modalities. Death from non-bladder cancer cause contributed to almost half of all deaths in bladder cancer survivors during the short-term follow-up period. These findings can inform medical management and assist clinicians in counseling those survivors regarding their short-term health risks.

中文翻译：

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非转移性膀胱癌患者的短期死亡风险

当前缺乏针对非转移性膀胱癌患者中与非膀胱癌相关的短期死亡率的基于人群的分析。本研究的目的是评估和量化膀胱癌诊断后的死亡原因。使用标准化的死亡率（SMR）的定制监测，流行病学和最终结果（SEER）数据集，确定了2014年至2015年诊断为非转移性（M0）膀胱癌的24,074名患者。计算了死亡原因的SMR。使用多变量Cox或竞争风险回归模型确定了特定于膀胱癌的死亡率，竞争性死亡率，第二癌死亡率和非癌性死亡率的风险因素。在所有4179名（17.4％）死亡发生在随访期间，其中几乎一半（44。2％）归因于非膀胱癌原因，包括第二次非膀胱癌（10％）和其他非癌症原因（34.2％）。最常见的非癌症死亡原因是心脏病，其次是慢性阻塞性肺疾病。与美国普通人群因第一次恶性肿瘤死亡相比，第二次恶性肿瘤致死的风险较高（SMR，1.59； 95％CI，1.47–1.74），心脏病致死的风险也较高（SMR，1.29； 1.50； 1.71； 1.74）。与美国普通人群相比，CI为95％（1.18-1.40）和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（SMR为1.52； 95％CI为1.29-1.79）。此外，还确定了一些竞争性第二恶性肿瘤或非癌症死亡率的风险因素，例如年龄，性别，婚姻状况和治疗方式。在短期随访期间，膀胱癌幸存者死亡中几乎有一半来自非膀胱癌原因死亡。这些发现可以为医疗管理提供信息，并帮助临床医生就其短期健康风险向幸存者提供咨询。