This letter investigates parallelism approaches for equations and Jacobian evaluation in power flow calculations. Two levels of parallelism are proposed and analyzed: inter-model parallelism, which evaluates models in parallel, and intra-model parallelism, which evaluates calculations within each model in parallel. Parallelism techniques such as multi-threading and single instruction multiple data (SIMD) vectorization are discussed, implemented, and benchmarked as six calculation workflows. Case studies on the 70,000-bus synthetic grid show that equation evaluations can be accelerated by ten times, and the overall Newton power flow outperforms MATPOWER by 20%.

中文翻译：

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潮流计算中方程和雅可比估计的有效并行性

这封信探讨了潮流计算中方程和雅可比估计的并行方法。提出并分析了两个级别的并行性：模型间并行性（并行评估模型）和模型内并行性（并行评估每个模型内的计算）。诸如多线程和单指令多数据（SIMD）矢量化之类的并行技术已作为六个计算工作流进行了讨论，实施和基准测试。在70,000辆公交车的合成电网上进行的案例研究表明，方程式评估可以加速十倍，并且牛顿的总功率流比MATPOWER高出20％。