Chemical profile and antioxidant activity of the species Veronica saturejoides Vis. ssp. saturejoides (Plantaginaceae)—which is endemic to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro —were investigated. Volatile compounds produced by glandular trichomes (composed of one stalk cell and two elliptically formed head cells according to scanning electron microscope investigation) were isolated from the plants collected in two locations. Additionally, as a part of specialized metabolites, total polyphenols, total tannins, total flavonoids and total phenolic acids were determined spectrophotometrically. In the lipophilic volatile fractions-essential oils, the most abundant compounds identified were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, caryophyllene oxide and hexadecanoic acid. In total, the class of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and the group of fatty aldehydes, acids and alcoholic compounds dominated in the essential oils. In the hydrophilic volatile fractions-hydrosols, the most abundant compounds identified were trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, allo-aromadendrene and (E)-caryophyllene. A group of oxygenated monoterpenes and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons dominated in the hydrosols. Antioxidant activity of essential oils and hydrosols was tested with two methods: 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Essential oils showed higher antioxidant activity than hydrosols and showed similar antioxidant activity to Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. Obtained results demonstrate that this genus is a potential source of volatiles with antioxidant activity.

中文翻译：

---

特有Veronica saturejoides Vis。ssp。saturejoides –游离挥发性化合物的化学成分和抗氧化活性

Veronica saturejoides Vis种的化学特征和抗氧化活性。ssp。ature研究了克罗地亚，波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和黑山的特有植物（车前草科）。从在两个位置收集的植物中分离出由腺毛产生的挥发性化合物（根据扫描电子显微镜研究，其由一个茎细胞和两个椭圆形的头细胞组成）。另外，作为专门代谢物的一部分，通过分光光度法测定了总多酚，总单宁，总黄酮和总酚酸。在亲脂性挥发性馏分精油中，鉴定出的最丰富的化合物是六氢法呢基丙酮，石竹烯氧化物和十六烷酸。总体而言，精油中含氧的倍半萜烯类以及脂肪醛，酸和醇类化合物占主导地位。反式-对-薄荷-1（7），8二烯-2-醇，异体-aromadendrene和（E） -石竹烯。一组氧化的单萜和倍半萜碳氢化合物在水溶胶中占主导地位。用两种方法测试了香精油和水溶胶的抗氧化活性：2,2'-二苯基-1-吡啶并肼基（DPPH）和氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）。精油显示出比水溶胶更高的抗氧化活性，并且显示出与迷迭香厚朴精油相似的抗氧化活性。所得结果表明该属是具有抗氧化活性的挥发物的潜在来源。