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Biominerals Fossilisation: Fish Bone Diagenesis in Plio–Pleistocene African Hominid Sites of Malawi
Minerals ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 , DOI: 10.3390/min10121049
Christiane Denys , Olga Otero , Ottmar Kullmer , Oliver Sandrock , Timothy G. Bromage , Friedemann Schrenk , Yannicke Dauphin

Fish fossilisation is relatively poorly known, and skeletal element modifications resulting from predation, burial and diagenesis need to be better investigated. In this article, we aim to provide new results about surface, structural and chemical changes in modern and fossil fish bone. Fossil samples come from two distinct localities of roughly the same age in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Chiwondo Beds adjacent to Lake Malawi. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were carried out on three categories of fish bones: (i) fresh modern samples collected in the lake, (ii) extracted from modern fish eagle regurgitation pellets, and (iii) fossils from Malema and Mwenirondo localities. A comparison of these data allowed us to detect various modifications of bone surfaces and structure as well as composition changes. Some differences are observed between fresh bones and modern pellets, and between pellets and fossils. Moreover, fossil fish bone surface modifications, crystallinity, and chemical composition from Malema and Mwenirondo differ despite their chronological and spatial proximities (2.5–2.4 Ma, 500 m). In both sites, the post-predation modifications are strong and may hide alterations due to the predation by bird of prey such as the fish eagle. The combination of the used methods is relevant to analyses of diagenetic alterations in fish bones.

中文翻译:

生物矿物质的僵化:马拉维的上新世-非洲更新世人类原始遗址鱼骨成岩

鱼化石的知识相对较少,因此需要更好地研究捕食,埋葬和成岩作用引起的骨骼元素修饰。在本文中,我们旨在提供有关现代和化石鱼骨表面,结构和化学变化的新结果。化石样品来自马拉维湖附近的上新世-更新世奇旺多河床中两个年龄大致相同的不同地区。对三类鱼骨进行了光学和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,能量色散光谱(EDS)分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)光谱:(i)在湖中采集的新鲜现代样品,(ii)提取来自现代鱼鹰反流颗粒,以及(iii)来自Malema和Mwenirondo地区的化石。这些数据的比较使我们能够检测出骨表面和结构的各种修饰以及成分变化。在新鲜的骨头和现代颗粒之间以及在颗粒和化石之间观察到一些差异。此外,Malema和Mwenirondo的化石鱼骨表面修饰,结晶度和化学成分也不同,尽管它们在时间和空间上接近(2.5-2.4 Ma,500 m)。在这两个站点中,捕食后的修改都很强,并且可能会隐藏由于to(例如鱼鹰)的捕食而引起的变化。所使用方法的组合与鱼骨中成岩变化的分析有关。此外,Malema和Mwenirondo的化石鱼骨表面修饰,结晶度和化学成分也不同,尽管它们在时间和空间上接近(2.5-2.4 Ma,500 m)。在这两个站点中,捕食后的修改都很强,并且可能会隐藏由于to(例如鱼鹰)的捕食而引起的变化。所使用方法的组合与鱼骨中成岩变化的分析有关。此外,Malema和Mwenirondo的化石鱼骨表面修饰,结晶度和化学成分也不同,尽管它们在时间和空间上接近(2.5-2.4 Ma,500 m)。在这两个站点中,捕食后的修改都很强,并且可能会隐藏由于to(例如鱼鹰)的捕食而引起的变化。所使用方法的组合与鱼骨中成岩变化的分析有关。
更新日期:2020-11-25
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