Many plant genera in the tropical West Pacific are survivors from the paleo-rainforests of Gondwana. For example, the oldest fossils of the Malesian and Australasian conifer Agathis (Araucariaceae) come from the early Paleocene and possibly latest Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina (West Gondwana). However, it is unknown whether dependent ecological guilds or lineages of associated insects and fungi persisted on Gondwanan host plants like Agathis through time and space. We report insect-feeding and fungal damage on Patagonian Agathis fossils from four latest Cretaceous to middle Eocene floras spanning ca. 18 Myr and compare it with damage on extant Agathis. Very similar damage was found on fossil and modern Agathis, including blotch mines representing the first known Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary crossing leaf-mine association, external foliage feeding, galls, possible armored scale insect (Diaspididae) covers, and a rust fungus (Pucciniales). The similar suite of damage, unique to fossil and extant Agathis, suggests persistence of ecological guilds and possibly the component communities associated with Agathis since the late Mesozoic, implying host tracking of the genus across major plate movements that led to survival at great distances. The living associations, mostly made by still-unknown culprits, point to previously unrecognized biodiversity and evolutionary history in threatened rainforest ecosystems.

热带西太平洋地区的许多植物属都是冈瓦纳古雨林的幸存者。例如，马累人和澳大利亚针叶树Agathis（Araucariaceae）的最古老化石来自阿根廷的巴塔哥尼亚的古新世早期，也可能来自最新的白垩纪（西冈瓦纳）。然而，未知的生态协会或相关昆虫和真菌的世系是否会在时空上持续存在于像Agathis这样的冈瓦纳寄主植物上。我们报道了巴塔哥尼亚的Agathis化石从四个最新的白垩纪到中新世中期植物区系的昆虫摄食和真菌破坏，这些植物跨越了约20世纪。18 Myr并将其与现存的Agathis造成的伤害进行比较。在化石和现代阿加西斯上发现了非常相似的破坏包括代表第一个已知的白垩纪-古地理边界跨越叶-矿结合的斑点地雷，外部叶片进食，gall，可能的装甲鳞片昆虫（Diaspididae）覆盖物和锈菌（Pucciniales）。化石和现存的Agathis所特有的类似的一系列损害表明，自中生代晚期以来，生态行会和与Agathis相关的组成群落的持续存在，这意味着宿主在主要板块运动中追踪了该属，从而导致远距离生存。活着的协会主要由仍然不为人知的罪魁祸首组成，指出了先前未被认识到的生物多样性和受威胁的雨林生态系统的进化史。