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Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease: A gain or a loss?
Journal of Neurochemistry ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 , DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15249
Han Zhang 1 , Zhong-Wei Zhou 2 , Litao Sun 3
Affiliation  

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited neurodegenerative disorders with an increasing number of CMT‐associated variants identified as causative factors, however, there has been no effective therapy for CMT to date. Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are essential enzymes in translation by charging amino acids onto their cognate tRNAs during protein synthesis. Dominant monoallelic variants of aaRSs have been largely implicated in CMT. Some aaRSs variants affect enzymatic activity, demonstrating a loss‐of‐function property. In contrast, loss of aminoacylation activity is neither necessary nor sufficient for some aaRSs variants to cause CMT. Instead, accumulating evidence from CMT patient samples, animal genetic studies or protein conformational analysis has pinpointed toxic gain‐of‐function of aaRSs variants in CMT, suggesting complicated mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CMT. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in studies on CMT‐linked aaRSs, with a particular focus on their functions. The current challenges, future direction and the promising candidates for potential treatment of CMT are also discussed.

中文翻译:

Charcot–Marie–Tooth疾病中的氨酰基-tRNA合成:是增加还是减少?

Charcot-Marie-Tooth病(CMT)是最常见的遗传性神经退行性疾病之一,越来越多的CMT相关变种被确定为病因,但迄今为止,尚无有效的CMT治疗方法。氨酰基tRNA合成酶(aaRS)是翻译过程中必不可少的酶,通过在蛋白质合成过程中将氨基酸带入其同源tRNA上来进行翻译。aaRSs的主要单等位基因变体与CMT有很大关系。某些aaRSs变体会影响酶的活性,表明其功能丧失。相反,对于一些aaRSs变体引起CMT,氨基酰化活性的丧失既不是必需的也不是足够的。相反,从CMT患者样品中收集的证据,动物遗传学研究或蛋白质构象分析已查明了CMT中aaRSs变体的毒性功能增强,提示了CMT发病机理的复杂机制。在这篇综述中,我们总结了与CMT相关的aaRS的研究的最新进展,特别关注它们的功能。还讨论了当前的挑战,未来的方向以及潜在的CMT治疗方案。
更新日期:2020-11-25
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