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Melengestrol acetate contraceptive implant use in colobus monkeys ( Colobus guereza ): Patterns through time and differences in reproductive potential and live births
Zoo Biology ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 , DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21581
Monica M. McDonald 1 , Mary K. Agnew 1 , Cheryl S. Asa 1 , David M. Powell 1, 2
Affiliation  

Melengestrol acetate (MGA) implants are progestin-based reversible contraceptives used to manage fertility in zoo populations. Although it is recommended that MGA implants should be replaced every 2 years, the duration of efficacy has not been systematically evaluated in most species. Anecdotal reports for Old World monkeys indicate that reproduction may be suppressed longer if the implant is not removed. This study uses Guereza colobus monkey (Colobus guereza) as a model Old World monkey species to examine the effects of MGA implants on reproductive potential. In particular, we investigate whether the probability of reproducing (pR) and rates of stillbirth differ among (1) non-implanted females, (2) females who have had MGA implants removed, and (3) females whose implants were left in past expiration. We found no significant difference in pR between non-implanted and implant-removed groups, but when implants were left in past expiration, the pR was significantly lower than in other groups. Both parity and age significantly impacted pR for the non-implanted group (i.e., younger females and those who were parous increased pR), but neither were significant factors for the implant-removed group. Stillbirth rates were significantly higher post-contraception as compared with pre-contraception. These results support similar analyses in other taxa that show a shorter time to reversal after MGA contraception when implants are removed, making this a good contraceptive option for females likely to receive a breeding recommendation, especially when a more predictable time to reversal is important.

中文翻译:

在疣猴 (Colobus guereza) 中使用醋酸美仑孕酮避孕植入物:随时间变化的模式以及生殖潜力和活产的差异

醋酸美仑孕酮 (MGA) 植入物是基于孕激素的可逆避孕药,用于管理动物园种群的生育能力。尽管建议 MGA 植入物应每 2 年更换一次,但尚未对大多数物种的有效性持续时间进行系统评估。旧世界猴子的轶事报告表明,如果不移除植入物,繁殖可能会受到更长时间的抑制。本研究使用 Guereza 疣猴 (Colobus guereza) 作为模型旧世界猴种来检查 MGA 植入物对生殖潜力的影响。特别是,我们调查了 (1) 未植入的女性、(2) 已移除 MGA 植入物的女性和 (3) 植入物过期的女性的生殖概率 (pR) 和死产率是否不同. 我们发现非植入组和移除植入组之间的 pR 没有显着差异,但是当植入物在过期后留下时,pR 显着低于其他组。胎次和年龄均显着影响非植入组的 pR(即,年轻女性和经产的女性 pR 增加),但都不是植入移除组的显着因素。与避孕前相比,避孕后的死产率显着更高。这些结果支持在其他分类群中进行的类似分析,这些分析表明,当植入物被移除时,MGA 避孕后逆转的时间更短,这使其成为可能接受育种建议的雌性的良好避孕选择,尤其是当更可预测的逆转时间很重要时。但是当植入物在过期后留下时,pR 显着低于其他组。胎次和年龄均显着影响非植入组的 pR(即年轻女性和经产的女性 pR 增加),但两者都不是植入移除组的显着因素。与避孕前相比,避孕后的死产率显着更高。这些结果支持在其他分类群中进行的类似分析,这些分析表明,当植入物被移除时,MGA 避孕后逆转的时间更短,这使其成为可能接受育种建议的雌性的良好避孕选择,尤其是当更可预测的逆转时间很重要时。但是当植入物在过期后留下时,pR 显着低于其他组。胎次和年龄均显着影响非植入组的 pR(即,年轻女性和经产的女性 pR 增加),但都不是植入移除组的显着因素。与避孕前相比,避孕后的死产率显着更高。这些结果支持在其他分类群中进行的类似分析,这些分析表明,当植入物被移除时,MGA 避孕后逆转的时间更短,这使其成为可能接受育种建议的雌性的良好避孕选择,尤其是当更可预测的逆转时间很重要时。胎次和年龄均显着影响非植入组的 pR(即,年轻女性和经产的女性 pR 增加),但都不是植入移除组的显着因素。与避孕前相比,避孕后的死产率明显更高。这些结果支持在其他分类群中进行的类似分析,这些分析表明,当植入物被移除时,MGA 避孕后逆转的时间更短,这使其成为可能接受育种建议的雌性的良好避孕选择,尤其是当更可预测的逆转时间很重要时。胎次和年龄均显着影响非植入组的 pR(即,年轻女性和经产的女性 pR 增加),但都不是植入移除组的显着因素。与避孕前相比,避孕后的死产率显着更高。这些结果支持在其他分类群中进行的类似分析,这些分析表明,当植入物被移除时,MGA 避孕后逆转的时间更短,这使其成为可能接受育种建议的雌性的良好避孕选择,尤其是当更可预测的逆转时间很重要时。
更新日期:2020-11-25
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