Plant translocation is a useful tool for implementing assisted gene flow in recovery plans of critically endangered plant species. Although it helps to restore genetically viable populations, it is not devoid of genetic risks, such as poor adaptation of transplants and outbreeding depression in the hybrid progeny, which may have negative consequences in terms of demographic growth and plant fitness. Hence, a follow-up genetic monitoring should evaluate whether the translocated populations are genetically viable and self-sustaining in the short and long term. The causes of failure to adjust management responses also need to be identified. Molecular markers and fitness-related quantitative traits can be used to determine whether a plant translocation enhanced genetic diversity, increased fitness, and improved the probability of long-term survival. We devised guidelines and illustrated them with studies from the literature to help practitioners determine the appropriate genetic survey methods so that management practices can better integrate evolutionary processes. These guidelines include methods for sampling and for assessing changes in genetic diversity and differentiation, contemporary gene flow, mode of local recruitment, admixture level, the effects of genetic rescue, inbreeding or outbreeding depression and local adaptation on plant fitness, and long-term genetic changes.

中文翻译：

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易位植物种群遗传监测指南

植物易位是在极度濒危植物物种的恢复计划中实施辅助基因流动的有用工具。尽管它有助于恢复遗传上可行的种群，但它并非没有遗传风险，例如移植适应性差和杂交后代的远交衰退，这可能对人口增长和植物适应性产生负面影响。因此，后续的遗传监测应评估易位种群在短期和长期内是否具有遗传活力和自我维持能力。还需要确定未能调整管理层响应的原因。分子标记和适应度相关的数量性状可用于确定植物易位是否增强了遗传多样性、增加了适应度并提高了长期存活的概率。我们制定了指导方针，并用文献研究对其进行了说明，以帮助从业者确定适当的基因调查方法，从而使管理实践能够更好地整合进化过程。这些指南包括采样和评估遗传多样性和分化变化的方法、当代基因流、当地招募模式、混合水平、基因拯救的影响、近交或远交抑制和植物适应性的局部适应，以及长期遗传变化。