A 3D Printed Morphing Nozzle to Control Fiber Orientation during Composite Additive Manufacturing,Advanced Materials Technologies

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A 3D Printed Morphing Nozzle to Control Fiber Orientation during Composite Additive Manufacturing
Advanced Materials Technologies ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 , DOI: 10.1002/admt.202000829
Connor D. Armstrong _{1,

2} , Noah Todd ₂ , Abdullah T. Alsharhan ₂ , David I. Bigio ₂ , Ryan D. Sochol _{2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

Fiber‐filled composite materials offer a unique pathway to enable new functionalities for systems built via extrusion‐based additive manufacturing (or “3D printing”); however, challenges remain in controlling the fiber orientations that govern ultimate performance. In this work, a multi‐material, shape‐changing nozzle—constructed by means of PolyJet 3D printing—is presented that allows for the spatial distribution of short fibers embedded in polymer matrices to be modulated on demand throughout extrusion‐based deposition processes. Specifically, the nozzle comprises flexible bladders that can be inflated pneumatically to alter the geometry of the material extrusion channel from a straight to a converging–diverging configuration, and in turn, the directional orientation of fibers within printed filaments. Experimental results for printing carbon microfiber‐hydrogel composites reveal that increasing the nozzle actuation pressure from 0 to 100 kPa reduced the proportion of aligned fibers, and notably, prompted a transition from anisotropic to isotropic water‐induced swelling properties (i.e., the ratio of transverse to longitudinal swelling strain decreased from 1.73 ± 0.37 to 0.93 ± 0.39, respectively). In addition, dynamically varying the nozzle geometry during the extrusion of continuous composite filaments effects distinct swelling behaviors in adjacent regions, suggesting potential utility of the presented approach for emerging “4D printing” applications.

中文翻译：

在复合增材制造过程中控制纤维取向的3D打印变形喷嘴

填充纤维的复合材料为通过基于挤压的增材制造（或“ 3D打印”）构建的系统启用新功能提供了独特的途径；然而，控制最终性能的纤维取向仍然存在挑战。在这项工作中，提出了一种通过PolyJet 3D打印构造的多材料，形状可变的喷嘴，该喷嘴允许在整个基于挤出的沉积过程中按需调节嵌入聚合物基质中的短纤维的空间分布。具体地说，喷嘴包括可通过气动方式充气的软囊，以将材料挤出通道的几何形状从直形更改为会聚-发散配置，进而改变打印长丝内纤维的方向。 分别为± 0.37至0.93 ± 0.39）。此外，在连续复合长丝的挤出过程中动态改变喷嘴的几何形状会在相邻区域产生明显的溶胀行为，这表明本方法在新兴的“ 4D打印”应用中具有潜在的实用性。

更新日期：2021-01-05

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