Immunotherapy has demonstrated great clinical success in certain cancers, driven primarily by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell therapies. Immunotherapy can elicit strong, durable responses in some patients, but others do not respond, and to date immunotherapy has demonstrated success in only a limited number of cancers. To address this limitation, combinatorial approaches with chemo‐ and radiotherapy have been applied in the clinic. Extensive preclinical evidence suggests that hyperthermia therapy (HT) has considerable potential to augment immunotherapy with minimal toxicity. This progress report will provide a brief overview of immunotherapy and HT approaches and highlight recent progress in the application of nanoparticle (NP)‐based HT in combination with immunotherapy. NPs allow for tumor‐specific targeting of deep tissue tumors while potentially providing more even heating. NP‐based HT increases tumor immunogenicity and tumor permeability, which improves immune cell infiltration and creates an environment more responsive to immunotherapy, particularly in solid tumors.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子介导的热疗与免疫疗法协同组合治疗癌症的最新进展

免疫疗法在某些癌症中取得了巨大的临床成功，这主要是由免疫检查点阻断和过继性细胞疗法推动的。免疫疗法可以在一些患者中引起强烈、持久的反应，但其他患者则没有反应，迄今为止，免疫疗法仅在有限数量的癌症中取得了成功。为了解决这一局限性，临床上已应用化疗和放疗的组合方法。大量的临床前证据表明，热疗（HT）具有以最小的毒性增强免疫治疗的巨大潜力。本进展报告将简要概述免疫疗法和 HT 方法，并重点介绍基于纳米颗粒 (NP) 的 HT 与免疫疗法相结合应用的最新进展。纳米粒子允许对深部组织肿瘤进行肿瘤特异性靶向，同时有可能提供更均匀的加热。基于 NP 的 HT 增加了肿瘤免疫原性和肿瘤通透性，从而改善了免疫细胞浸润并创造了对免疫治疗更敏感的环境，特别是在实体瘤中。