Membrane protein organization is essential for proper cellular functioning and the result of a dynamic exchange between protein monomers, nanoscale protein clusters, and microscale higher-order structures. This exchange is affected by both lipid bilayer intrinsic factors, such as lipid rafts and tetraspanins, and extrinsic factors, such as cortical actin and galectins. Because membrane organizers act jointly like instruments in a symphony, it is challenging to define the ‘key’ organizers. Here, we posit, for the first time, definitions of key intrinsic and extrinsic membrane organizers. Tetraspanin nanodomains are key organizers that are often overlooked. We discuss how different key organizers can collaborate, which is important to get a full grasp of plasma membrane biology.

膜蛋白组织对于正常的细胞功能和蛋白质单体、纳米级蛋白质簇和微米级高阶结构之间动态交换的结果至关重要。这种交换受到脂质双层内在因素（如脂筏和四跨膜蛋白）和外在因素（如皮质肌动蛋白和半乳糖凝集素）的影响。由于膜组织者像交响乐中的乐器一样共同发挥作用，因此定义“关键”组织者具有挑战性。在这里，我们首次提出了关键的内在和外在膜组织者的定义。四跨膜蛋白纳米域是经常被忽视的关键组织者。我们讨论了不同的主要组织者如何合作，这对于全面掌握质膜生物学很重要。