Abstract The herbicides imazethapyr and flumyzin have been recommended for controlling weeds, mainly in soybean fields. However, it is unclear the effect of these herbicides on soil microbial communities. In this study, we assessed the responses of bacterial community to the application of imazethapyr and flumyzin in soil. Soil samples were incubated with the application of the herbicides imazethapyr, flumyzin, and their mixture, and analyzed at 0, 15, 30, and 60 days. The abundance of specific microbial phyla changed as a response of the herbicide application with a significant decrease of Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Elusimicrobia, and Planctomycetes, and an increase of Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The principal component analysis clustered the samples according to the time of incubation and the microbial diversity increased on the 15th day with a trend to decrease at 30 and 60 days. The evaluation of potential functions has shown the core functions represented by chemoheterotrophy (35.1%), followed by aerobic chemoheterotrophy (32.8%), nitrification (6.2%), ammonia oxidation (6.2%), and aromatic compound degradation (4.4%). Our data showed an increase of microbial groups that have the potential to metabolize the chemical compounds, such as the genera Bryobacter, Gaiella, and Flavobacterium, which increased significantly in abundance and can be explored for future biotechnological use. Finally, this study shows that the application of the herbicides in soil affects the microbial profile with the potential to affect functions mediated by microbial communities, and this effect is related to groups with the potential to degrade the compound.

中文翻译：

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土壤细菌群落对除草剂咪草烟和氟虫嗪施用的响应

摘要 除草剂咪草烟和氟虫嗪已被推荐用于控制杂草，主要是在大豆田中。然而，尚不清楚这些除草剂对土壤微生物群落的影响。在这项研究中，我们评估了细菌群落对咪唑乙烟酸和氟虫嗪在土壤中的应用的反应。土壤样品与除草剂咪草烟、氟虫嗪及其混合物一起孵育，并在第 0、15、30 和 60 天进行分析。特定微生物门的丰度随着除草剂的应用而发生变化，酸杆菌、疣微菌、Elusimicrobia 和浮游菌显着减少，而 Gemmatimonadetes、拟杆菌、厚壁菌门和变形菌门增加。主成分分析根据培养时间对样品进行聚类，微生物多样性在第 15 天增加，在第 30 天和第 60 天呈下降趋势。潜在功能评价显示，核心功能以化学异养（35.1%）、好氧化学异养（32.8%）、硝化（6.2%）、氨氧化（6.2%）、芳香族化合物降解（4.4%）为代表。我们的数据显示，具有代谢化合物潜力的微生物群有所增加，例如苔藓杆菌属、盖氏杆菌属和黄杆菌属，它们的丰度显着增加，可用于未来的生物技术用途。最后，