There is a common misconception that at least 95% of Egypt’s potential hydropower has already been used, which does not reflect reality. Currently, only five hydropower plants operate along the river Nile, from Aswan high dam to Assiut barrage. The total installed capacity is around 2840 MW. However, Egypt has many main canals and Rayahat and an irrigation network system, including barrages, head regulators, and navigation locks, which enable 120 MW of clean electricity (equivalent to 4 times of Assiut power station generation) if used to generate electricity. This paper aims to assess mini and micro hydropower’s potential in Egypt for the main grid areas. Eight sites have been selected and ranked as an application sample in this work based on their hydraulic data availability. The rank of the most suitable energy generation sites is determined with spatial maps’ aid based on the flow duration curves, capacity factor, and multi-criteria analysis. The decision matrix developed to rank the selected locations, and the turbine efficiency curve is proposed in terms of the available flow to decide the suitable turbines. Also, the spatial maps give a clear vision to decision-makers of the possibility of exploiting different resources and the priority of implementation. The results obtained show a promising prospect of mini and micro hydropower in Egypt. The annual energy from the eight studied sites is estimated by 200 GWh according to the daily hydraulic data of the year 2017. Damietta barrage takes priority as the weight value of criteria is the highest value by 2.85, and its annual energy is estimated by 78.5 GWh. The eight sites are more suitable for peak load plants, but Damietta and Zefta are appropriate by less priority for baseload plants.

中文翻译：

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埃及小型和微型水电潜力评估：多标准分析

人们普遍误解埃及至少 95% 的潜在水电已被利用，但这并不反映现实。目前，从阿斯旺高坝到阿斯尤特拦河坝，尼罗河沿岸只有五座水电站在运营。总装机容量约为2840兆瓦。然而，埃及拥有许多主要运河和拉亚哈特以及灌溉网络系统，包括拦河坝、水头调节器和航行船闸，如果用于发电，可以产生120兆瓦的清洁电力（相当于Assiut发电站发电量的4倍）。本文旨在评估小型和微型水电在埃及主要电网区域的潜力。根据水力数据的可用性，选择了八个站点作为本工作中的应用样本。最合适的能源发电地点的排名是根据流量持续时间曲线、容量因子和多标准分析，在空间地图的帮助下确定的。开发决策矩阵对所选位置进行排序，并根据可用流量提出涡轮机效率曲线，以决定合适的涡轮机。此外，空间地图还为决策者提供了开发不同资源的可能性和实施优先级的清晰愿景。所获得的结果显示了埃及微型和微型水电的广阔前景。根据 2017 年每日水力数据，估算 8 个研究点的年发电量为 200 GWh。达米埃塔拦河坝优先，因为标准权重值为最高值 2.85，其年发电量估算为 78.5 GWh 。这八个地点更适合峰值负荷发电厂，但达米埃塔和泽夫塔不太适合基本负荷发电厂。