Abstract The Budyko models provide a transparent framework for analyzing climate-catchment interactions and therefore have been widely used to quantify the role of vegetation influencing the partitioning of precipitation (P) into evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff (R) at watershed to regional scales under a changing environment. This study provides a thorough review of the use of Budyko models for answering modern hydrological questions including the relation between vegetation dynamic and catchment ET (or runoff) and climate change impacts on water balances. Our synthesis suggests that: When vegetation structure and rooting characteristics are included, the Budyko models can explain over 90% of global spatial variations in ET. Budyko models showed that although climate dominates the catchment water balance, forest cover change also accounts for 30.7% ± 22.5% change in annual runoff in watersheds globally. Vegetation in watersheds with a low water retention capacity tends to play a more important role than climate change. Vegetation effects on annual runoff are most pronounced in water-limited regions and large scale revegetation can contribute 60% of the total observed change in the annual runoff. Budyko models can be used to study the joint impacts of climate seasonality (rainfall frequency and the time lag between maximum precipitation and net radiation) and vegetation on interannual variations in water balances. We conclude that vegetation dynamics have been successfully incorporated into the Budyko framework in the past two decades. The Budyko framework can be extended to provide insights into the interactions between climate, hydrology, and ecology. Uses of the Budyko framework for studying the hydrological effects of vegetation dynamics under a changing climate require analytical derivations of the models that incorporate climate-vegetation coevolution procedures.

中文翻译：

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使用 Budyko 框架了解气候、水和植被之间的相互作用

摘要 Budyko 模型为分析气候-集水区相互作用提供了一个透明的框架，因此已被广泛用于量化植被在流域到区域尺度下影响降水 (P) 分配为蒸散 (ET) 和径流 (R) 的作用。不断变化的环境。本研究全面回顾了使用 Budyko 模型回答现代水文问题，包括植被动态与流域 ET（或径流）之间的关系以及气候变化对水平衡的影响。我们的综合表明： 当包括植被结构和生根特征时，Budyko 模型可以解释 ET 中超过 90% 的全球空间变化。Budyko 模型表明，尽管气候在集水区水平衡中占主导地位，森林覆盖变化也导致全球流域年径流变化的 30.7% ± 22.5%。保水能力低的流域植被往往比气候变化发挥更重要的作用。植被对年径流的影响在缺水地区最为显着，大规模的重新植被可以贡献年径流观测变化总量的 60%。Budyko 模型可用于研究气候季节性（降雨频率和最大降水量与净辐射之间的时滞）和植被对水平衡年际变化的联合影响。我们得出的结论是，在过去的二十年里，植被动态已经成功地纳入了 Budyko 框架。Budyko 框架可以扩展以深入了解气候、水文、和生态。使用 Budyko 框架研究气候变化下植被动态的水文效应需要对模型进行分析推导，这些模型结合了气候-植被协同进化程序。