Abstract Diversifying and intensifying the rice-based cropping systems in the southern coastal zone of Bangladesh is a government priority to meet the food, feed, and fiber demand of an increasing population and changing climate. This study was conducted for three years (2016–2019) in Polder 30 located in southwest coastal zone of Bangladesh with five cropping systems [improved varieties of rice-maize (R-M); rice-mungbean (R-MB); rice-sunflower (R-S); traditional varieties of rice-mungbean (RTrad-MBTrad); and rice-fallow (RTrad-F)]. The objectives were to quantify yield gaps and spatiotemporal variability in rice production, evaluate various rice-based cropping systems for yield and profitability, and investigate individual crop and system-based stability and resilience in the coastal zone. Averaged over three years, results indicated an approximate 30% attainable yield gap on average within improved varieties and a 56% yield difference between traditional and improved rice varieties. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of both systems was positive and significant, suggesting crop yields in spatially closer locations were similar than those that were far apart. Lower spatial autocorrelation for the improved variety of rice compared to traditional varieties, indicates greater spatial dependence in addition to a narrow yield range for traditional rice. Overall, the improved rice-maize and rice-sunflower systems were the highest yielding and productive cropping systems, followed by the improved rice-mungbean. The traditional rice-fallow system was the least productive. In a high climate-risk year, however, rice was the only crop with positive net income, and the traditional systems had a relatively higher income than the improved systems. In an average opportune year, maize had the highest net income, and all improved rice-based cropping systems had a relatively higher income than traditional systems.

中文翻译：

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孟加拉国圩田水稻系统的作物多样化：产量稳定性、盈利能力和相关风险

摘要 孟加拉国南部沿海地区以水稻为基础的种植系统的多样化和集约化是政府的首要任务，以满足不断增长的人口和不断变化的气候对食物、饲料和纤维的需求。这项研究在位于孟加拉国西南沿海地区的 Polder 30 进行了三年（2016-2019 年），有五种种植系统 [改良的水稻 - 玉米 (RM) 品种；水稻-绿豆（R-MB）；水稻向日葵 (RS); 传统水稻绿豆品种 (RTrad-MBTrad)；和水稻休耕 (RTrad-F)]。目标是量化水稻生产的产量差距和时空变异性，评估各种以水稻为基础的种植系统的产量和盈利能力，并调查沿海地区个别作物和基于系统的稳定性和恢复力。平均超过三年，结果表明，改良品种内平均可达到的产量差距约为 30%，传统和改良水稻品种之间的产量差异为 56%。两个系统的空间自相关分析均为正且显着，表明空间较近位置的作物产量与相距较远的位置相似。与传统品种相比，改良水稻品种的空间自相关较低，表明除了传统水稻的产量范围较窄外，空间依赖性更大。总体而言，改良的水稻-玉米和水稻-向日葵系统是产量和产量最高的作物系统，其次是改良的水稻-绿豆。传统的稻谷休耕制度的生产力最低。然而，在气候风险高的年份，水稻是唯一净收入为正的作物，并且传统系统的收入比改进的系统高。在平均适宜的年份，玉米的净收入最高，所有改良的水稻种植系统的收入都比传统系统高。