Application of control agents to prevent new infections is an integral part of disease management for fire blight on pome trees caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.. Due to resistance development and human health concerns when using antibiotics, non-antibiotic control agents with high efficacy are urgently needed. In this study extensive efficacy tests with some classical antibiotic and relatively new non-antibiotic control agents for the prevention of bloom and shoot blight as well as phytotoxicity tests based on fruit russeting were carried out using young apple trees. Furthermore an experimental design for testing control agents preventing fire blight following hail injury was developed. The high efficacy of streptomycin (> 90%) and streptomycin containing spray strategies (> 80%) was confirmed. Non-antibiotic agents with high efficacy are LMA (85%), a potassium aluminum sulfate, and Juglon (80%). LMA is already in use in practice in Austria and Germany with a temporal and restricted permission and the administrative process to gain the legal status of a pesticide is ongoing whilst already admitted in Switzerland. Juglon, an organic compound from walnut, did show a high efficacy, but no consistent results (80.0 and 69.5%). Myco-Sin showed good results to prevent infection after artificial hail simulation. Antinfek showed high efficacy (90%) in preventing bloom blight, but could be tested only once so further research is needed to confirm this result. The design of the presented study enabled an extensive evaluation of the potential control agents and the aggregation and comparison of results and can be advised for other evaluations.

中文翻译：

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非抗生素火疫病防治剂的广泛功效试验

应用控制剂预防新感染是梨果树火疫病管理的一个组成部分，由梨火疫病菌 (Burrill) Winslow 等人引起。 由于抗药性的发展和人类健康问题，在使用抗生素时，非抗生素控制剂急需高效能。在这项研究中，使用一些经典抗生素和相对较新的非抗生素防治剂进行了广泛的功效测试，以防止水华和新梢枯萎病以及基于果实锈病的植物毒性测试，使用年轻的苹果树进行。此外，还开发了一种用于测试防止冰雹损伤后火疫病的控制剂的实验设计。链霉素 (> 90%) 和含链霉素的喷雾策略 (> 80%) 的高效性得到证实。具有高效能的非抗生素药物是 LMA (85%)、硫酸铝钾和 Juglon (80%)。LMA 已经在奥地利和德国实践中使用，并获得了临时和有限的许可，并且在瑞士已经被允许的情况下，获得农药法律地位的行政程序正在进行中。Juglon 是一种来自核桃的有机化合物，确实表现出很高的功效，但没有一致的结果（80.0% 和 69.5%）。Myco-Sin 在人工冰雹模拟后显示出良好的预防感染效果。Antinfek 在预防花斑枯萎病方面表现出很高的效率 (90%)，但只能进行一次测试，因此需要进一步研究来证实这一结果。所提出的研究的设计能够对潜在的控制剂进行广泛的评估以及结果的汇总和比较，并且可以为其他评估提供建议。