The Uzon Caldera is one of the places on our planet with unique geological, ecological, and microbiological characteristics. Uzon oil is the youngest on Earth. Uzon oil has unique composition, with low proportion of heavy fractions and relatively high content of saturated hydrocarbons. Microbial communities of the «oil site» have a diverse composition and live at high temperatures (up to 97 °C), significant oscillations of Eh and pH, and high content of sulfur, sulfides, arsenic, antimony, and mercury in water and rocks. The study analyzed the composition, structure and unique genetics characteristics of the microbial communities of the oil site, analyzed the metabolic pathways in the communities. Metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms have been found. The study found statistically significant relationships between geochemical parameters, taxonomic composition and the completeness of metabolic pathways. It was demonstrated that geochemical parameters determine the structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities. There were statistically significant relationships between geochemical parameters, taxonomic composition, and the completeness of metabolic pathways. It was demonstrated that geochemical parameters define the structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities. Metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon oxidation was found to prevail in the studied communities, which corroborates the hypothesis on abiogenic synthesis of Uzon hydrothermal petroleum.

中文翻译：

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乌宗火山口年轻的“石油遗址”是独特微生物生命的栖息地


乌宗火山口是地球上具有独特地质、生态和微生物特征的地方之一。乌宗石油是地球上最年轻的石油。乌宗油成分独特，重馏分比例低，饱和烃含量较高。 “石油现场”的微生物群落具有多样化的组成，并且生活在高温（高达 97 °C）、Eh 和 pH 值显着波动以及水和岩石中硫、硫化物、砷、锑和汞含量较高的环境中。该研究分析了油田微生物群落的组成、结构和独特的遗传特征，分析了群落中的代谢途径。已经发现了微生物降解碳氢化合物的代谢途径。该研究发现地球化学参数、分类组成和代谢途径完整性之间存在统计上显着的关系。研究表明，地球化学参数决定微生物群落的结构和代谢潜力。地球化学参数、分类组成和代谢途径完整性之间存在统计学上显着的关系。结果表明，地球化学参数定义了微生物群落的结构和代谢潜力。在所研究的群落中发现烃氧化的代谢途径普遍存在，这证实了乌宗热液石油非生物合成的假设。