Pedigreed cats have traditionally been mated with close relatives, which increases the risks for inbreeding depression and genetic disorders. We evaluated the genome-wide population structure and the degree of inbreeding of 1022 cats, including 13 pedigreed and two random bred populations from Japan and the USA, using single nucleotide polymorphism array-based data. Ancestry structure analysis revealed Japan's American Curl, Norwegian Forest, and Siamese cat populations were genetically distinct from their American counterparts. Furthermore, we found an ancestral genetic component shared between five pedigreed and random bred Japanese cats, suggesting the breeds were admixed with Japanese cats or cats of east Asian origin. Between-country differences in inbreeding estimates based on runs of homozygosity were found for Maine Coon, Siamese, and random bred cats. To reduce the risks of inbreeding depression and genetic disorders, particularly for highly inbred breeds, such as Abyssinian cats, as well as Russian Blue and Siamese cats in the USA, appropriate breeding practices must be observed, including mating practices that increase the genetic diversity.

纯种猫传统上与近亲交配，这增加了近交抑郁症和遗传疾病的风险。我们使用基于单核苷酸多态性阵列的数据评估了 1022 只猫的全基因组种群结构和近亲繁殖程度，其中包括来自日本和美国的 13 只纯种猫和两个随机繁殖种群。祖先结构分析显示，日本的美国卷毛猫、挪威森林猫和暹罗猫种群在遗传上与美国同类猫不同。此外，我们发现五只纯种和随机繁殖的日本猫共有祖先遗传成分，这表明这些品种与日本猫或东亚猫混合。在缅因猫、暹罗猫、和随机繁殖的猫。为了降低近交抑郁症和遗传疾病的风险，特别是对于高度近交的品种，例如阿比西尼亚猫以及美国的俄罗斯蓝猫和暹罗猫，必须遵守适当的育种做法，包括增加遗传多样性的交配做法。