Abstract To improve fuel utilization and prolong the lifespan of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), especially in automotive applications, a fuel recirculation operation is recommended. In this review, an ejector applied as an exhaust gas recirculation device for fuel cells is introduced. The first part focuses on the basic structure and theoretical model of the ejector. According to the flow characteristics inside the ejector, the working states, including the backflow state, subcritical state, and critical state, are discussed in detail. The second part reviews the application of ejectors in PEMFCs. To achieve a high fuel utilization rate and fuel cell efficiency, the design method and geometric parameter optimization of the ejectors in PEMFCs are described, and the influence of the ejector on the performance characteristics of the stack is summarized. Methods to expand the operating range of the ejector and improve the control strategy of the fuel delivery system are also discussed. This review is aimed at promoting the future development of ejector-based PEMFCs, including the enhancement of their efficiency and lifespan, and economic optimization

中文翻译：

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喷射器在质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用：综述

摘要 为了提高燃料利用率并延长质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC) 的寿命，特别是在汽车应用中，建议进行燃料再循环操作。在这篇综述中，介绍了一种用作燃料电池废气再循环装置的喷射器。第一部分重点介绍了喷射器的基本结构和理论模型。根据喷射器内部的流动特性，详细讨论了喷射器的工作状态，包括回流状态、亚临界状态和临界状态。第二部分回顾了喷射器在 PEMFC 中的应用。为了实现高燃料利用率和燃料电池效率，描述了 PEMFC 喷射器的设计方法和几何参数优化，总结了顶出器对电堆性能特性的影响。还讨论了扩大喷射器工作范围和改进燃料输送系统控制策略的方法。本综述旨在促进基于喷射器的 PEMFC 的未来发展，包括提高其效率和寿命，以及经济优化