A five-phase model consisting of a liquid phase, columnar dendrites, equiaxed grains, air, and inclusion (discrete phase) is developed to predict the shrinkage cavity, inclusion distribution and macrosegregation simultaneously during solidification of a 36-ton steel ingot. The air phase is introduced to feed the shrinkage cavity and no mass or species exchange with other phases occurs. The transport and entrapment of inclusions are simulated using a Lagrangian approach. The predicted results agree well with the experimental results. The characteristics of inclusion distribution are better understood. A thin layer of inclusions tends to form close to the mold wall, and more inclusions reside in the last solidified segregation channels. The inclusion is easy to aggregate near the riser neck, and it is dragged by the solidification shrinkage. The influence of the inclusion on macrosegregation is comparatively small, while the solidification shrinkage affects the formation of macrosegregation significantly and makes the simulation result more accurate.

建立了由液相，柱状枝晶，等轴晶粒，空气和夹杂物（离散相）组成的五相模型，以预测36吨钢锭凝固过程中的收缩腔，夹杂物分布和宏观偏析。引入空气相以供给收缩腔，并且不发生与其他相的质量或物质交换。使用拉格朗日方法模拟了夹杂物的运输和截留。预测结果与实验结果吻合良好。更好地理解了夹杂物分布的特征。薄的夹杂物层趋于在模具壁附近形成，更多的夹杂物留在最后凝固的偏析通道中。夹杂物易于在立管颈部附近聚集，并且由于凝固收缩而被拖拉。