Summary Hymenolepis nana is the most common cestode reported in humans worldwide. It is prevalent among children in the tropics and subtropics, particularly in rural poor communities where sanitation is inadequate or lacking. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and significant risk factors of H. nana infection among children in rural Yemen. Faecal samples were collected from 498 children and screened for intestinal parasites by using wet mount, formalin-ether concentration and Kato–Katz techniques. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect demographic, socioeconomic, housing condition, and personal hygiene information. Overall, 77.5 % (386/498) of the children were found to be infected by at least one intestinal parasite species. The overall prevalence of H. nana was 17.5 % (87/498). Multivariate analysis confirmed that an age of < 6 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.28; 95 % (confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 8.98), presence of other family members infected with H. nana (AOR = 2.48; 95 % CI = 1.45, 4.24), living in the highlands (AOR = 2.87; 95 % CI = 1.56, 5.26), living in a house without improved toilet facilities (AOR = 2.19; 95 % CI = 1.23, 3.88), not washing vegetables before consumption (AOR = 2.11; 95 % CI = 1.06, 4.19), and not washing hands after defecation (AOR = 1.88; 95 % CI = 1.08, 3.27) were the key factors significantly associated with H. nana infection among the studied children. In conclusion, H. nana is prevalent among children in rural Yemen, particularly among preschool-aged children. Thus, an integrated and effective programme to control intestinal parasitic infections should include preschool-aged children. Such a programme should focus on providing health education on hygienic practices, providing adequate sanitation and improved sources of drinking water, and screening and treating other infected family members.

中文翻译：

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被忽视的绦虫感染：也门农村儿童Hymenolepis nana 感染的流行病学

总结 Hymenolepis nana 是全世界人类报道的最常见的绦虫。它在热带和亚热带地区的儿童中很普遍，特别是在卫生设施不足或缺乏的农村贫困社区。这项横断面研究旨在确定也门农村儿童中 H. nana 感染的流行率和重要危险因素。收集了 498 名儿童的粪便样本，并使用湿法、福尔马林-醚浓度和 Kato-Katz 技术筛查肠道寄生虫。使用预先测试的问卷收集人口统计、社会经济、住房条件和个人卫生信息。总体而言，77.5% (386/498) 的儿童被发现感染了至少一种肠道寄生虫。H. nana 的总体流行率为 17.5 % (87/498)。控制肠道寄生虫感染的综合有效方案应包括学龄前儿童。此类计划应侧重于提供有关卫生习惯的健康教育，提供足够的卫生设施和改善的饮用水源，以及筛查和治疗其他受感染的家庭成员。