Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese, known as Tusam or Sumatran pine, is the only pine that grows naturally in the south of the Equator with its natural distribution found in Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The Sumatran pine is an economically and ecologically important species in Indonesia that covers three native strains, Aceh, Kerinci, and Tapanuli. The resin tapping of the pine has been practiced for hundreds of years while its timber has long been commercially used for various purposes. Although the pine is known as highland species, its adaptability on a wide spectrum environment makes it suitable for various restoration and rehabilitation purposes both in lowland and highland sites. Its high commercial values have also made the species be massively planted in pine plantations outside their natural distribution in Sumatera (i.e., in Java and Sulawesi island). This paper will review the current condition of Sumatran pine and its potential as a restoration and rehabilitation species and delivering its natural and artificial distribution map in Indonesia. In addition, the paper will also show the genetic variability of the species, determine the current innovative practices in silvicultural aspect both at nursery and plantation scales, describe tree improvement program, including its role in agroforestry practices, pine product both timber and non-timber, and its potential resources in relation with climate change mitigation management.

中文翻译：

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印度尼西亚樟子松人工林的再造林与可持续管理研究

松树Jungh et de Vriese被称为Tusam或Sumatran松，是赤道南部唯一自然生长的松树，其自然分布在印度尼西亚，菲律宾，缅甸，泰国，老挝，柬埔寨和越南。苏门答腊松是印度尼西亚的经济和生态上重要的物种，涵盖了三个本地品系：亚齐，克林奇和塔帕努利。松树的树脂攻丝已经实践了数百年，而其木材早已在商业上用于各种目的。尽管松树被称为高地物种，但其在广谱环境中的适应性使其适合于低地和高地的各种恢复和恢复目的。它具有很高的商业价值，也使该物种在自然分布于苏门答腊（即爪哇和苏拉威西岛）以外的松树种植园中大量种植。本文将回顾苏门答腊松的现状及其作为恢复和恢复物种的潜力，并在印度尼西亚提供其自然分布和人工分布图。此外，本文还将显示该物种的遗传变异性，在苗圃和人工林规模上确定当前在造林方面的创新做法，描述树木改良计划，包括其在农林业实践中的作用，松树产品（木材和非木材） ，以及与减缓​​气候变化管理有关的潜在资源。本文将回顾苏门答腊松的现状及其作为恢复和恢复物种的潜力，并在印度尼西亚提供其自然和人工分布图。此外，本文还将显示该物种的遗传变异性，在苗圃和人工林规模上确定当前在造林方面的创新做法，描述树木改良计划，包括其在农林业实践中的作用，松树产品（木材和非木材） ，以及与减缓​​气候变化管理有关的潜在资源。本文将回顾苏门答腊松的现状及其作为恢复和恢复物种的潜力，并在印度尼西亚提供其自然分布和人工分布图。此外，本文还将显示该物种的遗传变异性，在苗圃和人工林规模上确定当前在造林方面的创新做法，描述树木改良计划，包括其在农林业实践中的作用，松树产品（木材和非木材） ，以及与减缓​​气候变化管理有关的潜在资源。