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Linking Cover Crop Residue Quality and Tillage System to CO2-C Emission, Soil C and N Stocks and Crop Yield Based on a Long-Term Experiment
Agronomy ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 , DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10121848 Otávio A. Leal , Telmo J. C. Amado , Jackson E. Fiorin , Cristiano Keller , Geovane B. Reimche , Charles W. Rice , Rodrigo S. Nicoloso , Rafael P. Bortolotto , Rai Schwalbert
Agronomy ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 , DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10121848 Otávio A. Leal , Telmo J. C. Amado , Jackson E. Fiorin , Cristiano Keller , Geovane B. Reimche , Charles W. Rice , Rodrigo S. Nicoloso , Rafael P. Bortolotto , Rai Schwalbert
Cover crops (CC), particularly legumes, are key to promote soil carbon (C) sequestration in no-tillage. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating this process need further elucidation within a broad comprehensive framework. Therefore, we investigated effects of CC quality: black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) (oat), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) (vetch), and oat + vetch on carbon dioxide-C (CO2-C) emission (124 days) under conventional- (CT), minimum- (MT) and no-tillage (NT) plots from a long-term experiment in Southern Brazil. Half-life time (t1/2) of CC residues and the apparent C balance (ACB) were obtained for CT and NT. We linked our data to long-term (22 years) soil C and nitrogen (N) stocks and crop yield data of our experimental field. Compared to CT, NT increased t1/2 of oat, oat + vetch and vetch by 3.9-, 3.1- and 3-fold, respectively; reduced CO2-C emissions in oat, oat + vetch and vetch by 500, 600 and 642 kg ha−1, respectively; and increased the ACB (influx) in oat + vetch (195%) and vetch (207%). For vetch, CO2-C emission in MT was 77% greater than NT. Legume CC should be preferentially combined with NT to reduce CO2-C emissions and avoid a flush of N into the soil. The legume based-NT system showed the greatest soil C and N sequestration rates, which were significantly and positively related to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and maize (Zea mays L.) yield. Soil C (0–90 cm depth) and N (0–100 cm depth) sequestration increments of 1 kg ha−1 corresponded to soybean yield increments of 1.2 and 7.4 kg ha−1, respectively.
中文翻译：
基于长期试验，将覆盖作物残茬质量和耕作制度与CO2-C排放量，土壤碳氮储量和作物产量联系起来
覆盖作物（CC），特别是豆类，是促进免耕过程中土壤碳（C）隔离的关键。然而，在广泛的综合框架内，需要进一步阐明调节这一过程的机制。因此，我们研究了CC品质的影响：黑燕麦（燕麦（Avena strigosa Schreb）（燕麦），普通v子（Vicia sativa L.）（v子）和燕麦+ etch子对二氧化碳-C（CO 2 -C）排放的影响（124天数）根据巴西南部的长期实验得出的常规（CT），最小（MT）和免耕（NT）图。半衰期（t 1/2）的CC残留量和CT和NT的表观C平衡（ACB）被获得。我们将数据与长期（22年）土壤碳和氮（N）储量以及我们实验田的作物产量数据相关联。与CT相比，NT将燕麦的t 1/2，燕麦+紫etch和紫v的t 1/2分别提高了3.9倍，3.1倍和3倍。燕麦，燕麦+紫etch菜和紫etch菜中的CO 2 -C排放分别降低了500、600和642 kg ha -1；并增加了燕麦+紫etch（195％）和紫etch（207％）的ACB（涌入）。对于紫etch菜，MT的CO 2 -C排放量比NT高77％。豆类CC应优先与NT结合使用以减少CO 2-C排放，并避免将氮冲洗到土壤中。基于豆类的NT系统显示出最高的土壤固碳和固氮速率，与大豆（Glycine max（L.）Merrill）和玉米（Zea mays L.）的产量显着正相关。土壤C（0-90厘米深）和N（0-100厘米深）的固存增量分别为1 kg ha -1和大豆单产增量分别为1.2和7.4 kg ha -1。
更新日期：2020-11-25
中文翻译：
基于长期试验，将覆盖作物残茬质量和耕作制度与CO2-C排放量，土壤碳氮储量和作物产量联系起来
覆盖作物（CC），特别是豆类，是促进免耕过程中土壤碳（C）隔离的关键。然而，在广泛的综合框架内，需要进一步阐明调节这一过程的机制。因此，我们研究了CC品质的影响：黑燕麦（燕麦（Avena strigosa Schreb）（燕麦），普通v子（Vicia sativa L.）（v子）和燕麦+ etch子对二氧化碳-C（CO 2 -C）排放的影响（124天数）根据巴西南部的长期实验得出的常规（CT），最小（MT）和免耕（NT）图。半衰期（t 1/2）的CC残留量和CT和NT的表观C平衡（ACB）被获得。我们将数据与长期（22年）土壤碳和氮（N）储量以及我们实验田的作物产量数据相关联。与CT相比，NT将燕麦的t 1/2，燕麦+紫etch和紫v的t 1/2分别提高了3.9倍，3.1倍和3倍。燕麦，燕麦+紫etch菜和紫etch菜中的CO 2 -C排放分别降低了500、600和642 kg ha -1；并增加了燕麦+紫etch（195％）和紫etch（207％）的ACB（涌入）。对于紫etch菜，MT的CO 2 -C排放量比NT高77％。豆类CC应优先与NT结合使用以减少CO 2-C排放，并避免将氮冲洗到土壤中。基于豆类的NT系统显示出最高的土壤固碳和固氮速率，与大豆（Glycine max（L.）Merrill）和玉米（Zea mays L.）的产量显着正相关。土壤C（0-90厘米深）和N（0-100厘米深）的固存增量分别为1 kg ha -1和大豆单产增量分别为1.2和7.4 kg ha -1。
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